대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
권호 표지

글로벌 생산네트워크 담론의 진화: 기업 및 산업 중심 거버넌스 분석을 넘어서

Tracing the Evolution of the Global Production Network Discourse: An Alternative to the Firm- and Industry-Centered Governance Analysis

  • 이재열 (서울대학교 지리교육과)
  • Lee, Jae-Youl (Department of Geography Education, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2016.10.27
  • 발행 : 2016.10.31
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⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 논문은 경제지리학의 글로벌 생산네트워크 담론을 태동기부터 현재의 GPN 2.0 이론화 단계까지 통시적으로 검토한다. 이 과정에서 2000년대 초반 글로벌 생산네트워크 논의의 형성 과정을 글로벌 상품/가치 사슬망의 개념적, 분석적 문제와 결부시켜 설명하고, 이후 논의의 확장과 경험적 연구의 축적을 통해 글로벌 생산네트워크가 세계화 경제, 초국적 기업, 지역발전 간의 밀접한 관계에 주목하는 담론과 실천의 틀로 자리잡게 된 점을 강조한다. 반면, 이론적 결여의 문제에 대한 비판이 꾸준히 제기되었고, 이에 대한 응답으로 최근 Yeung and Coe는 인과적 매커니즘의 추상화와 이와 관련된 글로벌 생산네트워크 조직 전략의 유형을 중심으로 GPN 2.0 이론을 제안했다. 이 결과, 글로벌 생산네트워크 담론은 이론화 결핍의 문제를 해결할 수 있게 되었고, 연구자는 내부 조직화, 통제적 관계, 동반자적 관계, 외부교섭 등 다양한 생산네트워크 조직 전략을 기업경쟁력 강화 요인 및 위험환경과 결부시켜 탐구할 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 글로벌 생산네트워크와 글로벌 상품/가치 사슬 논의 간의 차이는 더욱 분명해졌는데, 여기에는 외부교섭 개념의 역할이 무엇보다 중요하다. 외부교섭은 GPN 1.0에서 가치, 착근성, 권력의 분석 개념을 포괄하고 있는 네트워크 형태로 판단되며, 이것은 기업이나 산업별 거버넌스 차이에 초점이 맞춰진 사슬 담론의 한계를 초월하게 해 줄 것이다.

This paper reviews the evolution process of global production network(GPN) discourse, from its origin to the recent theorization, namely GPN 2.0. In so doing, the discursive formation of global production networks is introduced in comparison with a competing discourse global commodity/value chains, with particular attention to conceptual and analytical lacunae in the latter. This article also outlines how the global production network perspective has become a useful discursive and practical tool that allows the examination of the nexus of global economy, transnational corporations, and regional development. Subsequently, a theoretical dearth in the approach is discussed in reference to key critiques, and in this context Yeung and Coe's recent theorization GPN 2.0, which is centered on casual mechanisms and network configurations is reviewed. This paper suggests that the theory adequately addresses the problem of casuality lacking in its precedented conceptual framework, and that it helps exploring the formation and evolution processes of varied production networks(including intrafirm coordination, interfirm control, strategic partnership, and extrafirm bargaining) in connection with competitive dynamics and risky environments. As a result of the theorization, the difference between GPN and the chain approaches has become more apparent, and the idea of extrafirm bargaining is particularly important in the differentiation. Extrafirm bargaining is seen to be a comprehensive networking form inclusive of such GPN 1.0 analytical concepts as value, embeddeness, and power, and research attentive to, and engaging with, the extrafirm networks is expected to help transcending the chain governance approaches' analytical excess of interfirm linkages and industry-centeredness.

키워드

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