DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Allied Health Professionals and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review

  • Anderson, Sarah P. (Centre for Ergonomics, Safety and Health, Department of Public Health, La Trobe University) ;
  • Oakman, Jodi (Centre for Ergonomics, Safety and Health, Department of Public Health, La Trobe University)
  • Received : 2015.10.28
  • Accepted : 2016.04.18
  • Published : 2016.12.30

Abstract

Work-related musculoskeletal injuries and disorders (WMSD) are a significant issue in the health care sector. Allied Health professionals (AHP) in this sector are exposed to physical and psychosocial factors associated with increased risk of developing a WMSD. Clarification of relevant hazard and risk factors for AHP is needed to improve understanding and inform WMSD risk management. A systematic analysis of the literature was undertaken to determine prevalence and risk factors for WMSD in AHP. Databases of Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were reviewed. This quality of articles was low. Outcome measures were varied, with prevalence rates of WMSD reported from 28% to 96% over a one-year time period. The lower back was the most commonly affected body part. Relevant factors identified with the development of WMSD included inexperience in the role and area of employment. Future research needs to focus on undertaking high quality prospective studies to determine the factors associated with WMSD development in AHP.

Keywords

References

  1. Safe Work Australia. Compendium of Workers' Compensation Statistics 2010-2011; 2013.
  2. Baldwin A, Woods K, Copeland Simmons M. Diversity of the allied health workforce: the unmet challenge. J Allied Health 2006;34:116-20.
  3. Colins K, Jones M, McDonnell A, Read S, Jones R, Cameron A. Do new roles contribute to job satisfaction and retention of staff in nursing and professions allied to medicine? J Nurs Manag 2000;8:3-12.
  4. Dodd J, Saggers S, Wildy H. Retention in the allied health workforce: boomers, generation X and generation Y. J Allied Health 2009;38:215-9.
  5. Lyons K, Lapin J, Young B. A study of job satisfaction of nursing and allied health graduates from a mid-Atlantic university. J Allied Health 2003;32:10-7.
  6. O'TooleK, Schoo A,Hernan A.Why did they leave andwhat canthey tellus? Allied health professionals leaving rural settings. Aust Health Rev 2010;34:66-72. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH09711
  7. Stagnitti K, Schoo A, Dunbar J, Reid C. An exploration of issues of management and intention to stay: allied health professionals in South West Victoria, Australia. J Allied Health 2006;35:226-32.
  8. Wilson N. Factors that affect job satisfaction and intention to leave of allied health professionals in a metropolitan hospital. Aust Health Rev 2015;39:290-4. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH14198
  9. Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA). About AHPA [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Mar 12]. Available from: http://wwwahpacomau/Home/aboutAHPA/BenefitsofMembership/CurrentMembershipaspx.
  10. Dawson AP, McLennan SN, Schiller SD, Jull GA, Hodges PW, Stewart S. Interventions to prevent back pain and back injury in nurses: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:642-50. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.030643
  11. Gropelli TM, Corle K. Nurses' and therapists experiences with occupational musculoskeletal injuries. AAOHN J 2010;58:159-66. https://doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20100316-01
  12. Oakman J, Macdonald W, Wells Y. Developing a comprehensive approach to risk management of musculoskeletal disorders in non-nursing health care sector employees. Appl Ergon 2014;45:1634-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.05.016
  13. Bork BE, Cook TM, Rosecrance JC, Engelhardt KA, Thomason ME, Wauford IJ, Worley RK. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists. Phys Ther 1996;76:827-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/76.8.827
  14. Campo MA, Weiser S, Koenig KL. Job strain in physical therapists. Phys Ther 2009;89:946-56. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080322
  15. Cromie JE, Robertson VJ, Best MO. Occupational health and safety in physiotherapy: guidelines for practice. Aust J Physiother 2001;47:43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60297-X
  16. Rozenfeld V, Ribak J, Danziger J, Tsamir J, Carmeli E. Prevalence, risk factors and preventive strategies in work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Israeli physical therapists. Physiother Res Int 2010;15:176-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.440
  17. Sharan D, Ajeesh PS. Injury prevention in physiotherapistsda scientific review. Work 2012;41(Suppl 1):1855-9.
  18. Vieira ER, Svoboda S, Belniak A, Brunt D, Rose-St Prix C, Roberts L, da Costa BR. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists: an online survey. Disabil Rehabil 2016;38:552-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1049375
  19. Hignett S. Intervention strategies to reduce musculoskeletal injuries associated with handling patients: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:E6. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.9.e6
  20. Macdonald W, Evans O. Research on the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders Stage 1: literature review; 2006.
  21. Macdonald W. Workload, stress and psychosocial factors as hazards for musculoskeletal disorders. J Occup Health Saf 2004;20:37-47.
  22. Safe Work Australia. Issues in the measurement and reporting of work health and safety performance: a review; 2013.
  23. Menzel NN. Underreporting of musculoskeletal disorders among health care workers: research needs. AAOHN J 2008;56:487-94. https://doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20081201-06
  24. Rosenman KD, Gardiner JC, Wang J, Biddle J, Hogan A, Reilly MJ, Roberts K, Welch E. Why most workers with occupational repetitive trauma do not file for workers' compensation. J Occup Environ Med 2000;42:25-34. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200001000-00008
  25. Law M, Stewart D, Pollock N, Letts L, Bosch J, Westmorland M. Critical review form e quantitative studies. McMaster University; 1998.
  26. Letts L, Wilkins S, Law M, Stewart D, Bosch J, Westmorland M. Critical review formdqualitative studies, version 2.0. McMaster University; 2007.
  27. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Systematic review checklist; 2013.
  28. Caragianis S. The prevalence of occupational injuries among hand therapists in Australia and New Zealand. J Hand Ther 2002;15:234-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-1130(02)70006-9
  29. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Chiarelli P, Bates AM, Rowe LJ. Factors related to thumb pain in physiotherapists. Aust J Physiother 2003;49:243-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60140-9
  30. Wajon A, Ada L, Refshauge K. Work-related thumb pain in physiotherapists is associated with thumb alignment during performance of PA pressures. Man Ther 2007;12:12-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2005.09.003
  31. Ruess L, O'Connor SC, Cho KH, Hussain FH, Howard III WJ, Slaughter RC, Hedge A. Carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome: work-related musculoskeletal disorders in four symptomatic radiologists. Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:37-42. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.1.1810037
  32. Adegoke BO, Akodu AK, Oyeyemi AL. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Nigerian physiotherapists. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;9:112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-112
  33. Cromie JE, Robertson VJ, Best MO. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists: prevalence, severity, risks, and responses. Phys Ther 2000;80:336-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/80.4.336
  34. West DJ, Gardner D. Occupational injuries of physiotherapists in North and Central Queensland. Aust J Physiother 2001;47:179-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60265-8
  35. Alnaser MZ. Occupational musculoskeletal injuries in the health care environment and its impact on occupational therapy practitioners: a systematic review. Work 2007;29:89-100.
  36. Alrowayeh HN, Alshatti TA, Aljadi SH, Fares M, Alshamire MM, Alwazan SS. Prevalence, characteristics, and impacts of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a survey among physical therapists in the State of Kuwait. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010;11:116. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-116
  37. Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sorensen F, Andersson G, Jorgensen K. Standardised Nordic questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon 1987;18:233-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X
  38. Campo M, Weiser S, Koenig KL, Nordin M. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists: a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Phys Ther 2008;88:608-19. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070127
  39. Cromie JE, Robertson VJ, Best MO. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the culture of physical therapy. Phys Ther 2002;82:459-72.
  40. Darragh AR, Huddleston W, King P. Work-related musculoskeletal injuries and disorders among occupational and physical therapists. Am J Occup Ther 2009;63:351-62. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.3.351
  41. Dyrkacz AP, Mak LY, Heck CS. Work-related injuries in Canadian occupational therapy practice. Can J Occup Ther 2012;79:237-47. https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2012.79.4.5
  42. Glover W, McGregor A, Sullivan C, Hague J. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders affecting members of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Physiotherapy 2005;91:138-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2005.06.001
  43. Grooten WJ, Wernstedt P, Campo M. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in female Swedish physical therapists with more than 15 years of job experience: prevalence and associations with work exposures. Physiother Theory Pract 2011;27:213-22. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2010.481323
  44. Hill 3rd JJ, Slade MD, Russi MB. Anthropometric measurements, job strain, and prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in female medical sonographers. Work 2009;33:181-9.
  45. Islam M, Habib M, Hafez M, Nahar N, Lindstrom-Hazel D, Rahman M. Musculoskeletal complaints among physiotherapy and occupational therapy rehabilitation professionals in Bangladesh. Work 2015;50:379-86.
  46. Kumar S, Moro L, Narayan Y. Perceived physical stress at work and musculoskeletal discomfort in X-ray technologists. Ergonomics 2004;47:189-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130310001617958
  47. Lorusso A, Bruno S, L'Abbate N. Musculoskeletal complaints among Italian Xray technologists. Ind Health 2007;45:705-8. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.45.705
  48. Losa IM, Becerro DBVR, Salvadores FP. Self-reported musculoskeletal disorders in podiatrists at work. Med Lav 2010;102:502-10.
  49. Nordin NA, Leonard JH, Thye NC. Work-related injuries among physiotherapists in public hospitals: a Southeast Asian picture. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011;66:373-8.
  50. Passier L, McPhail S. Work-related injuries amongst occupational therapists: a preliminary investigation. Br J Occup Ther 2011;74:143-7. https://doi.org/10.4276/030802211X12996065859328
  51. Passier L, McPhail S. Work related musculoskeletal disorders amongst therapists in physically demanding roles: qualitative analysis of risk factors and strategies for prevention. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011;12:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-12-24
  52. Rugelj D. Low back pain and other work-related musculoskeletal problems among physiotherapists. Appl Ergon 2003;34:635-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(03)00059-0
  53. Salik Y, Ozcan A. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a survey of physical therapists in Izmir-Turkey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2004;5:27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-5-27
  54. Sin Ho C, Jin Gang H, Taesung K, Jooyen K, Heesoo K, Ju Sang L, Ji-Hae W. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Korean physical therapists. J Phys Ther Sci 2013;25:55-9. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.55
  55. Hammer GP, Prel J-Bd, Blettner M. Avoiding bias in observational studies part 8 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009;106:664-8.
  56. Schofield DJ, Fletcher SL. The physiotherapy workforce is ageing, becoming more masculinised, and is working longer hours: a demographic study. Aust J Physiother 2007;53:121-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(07)70045-4
  57. Glover W. Work-related strain injuries in physiotherapists: prevalence and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Physiotherapy 2002;88:364-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9406(05)60749-3
  58. Campo M, Darragh AR. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are associated with impaired presenteeism in allied health care professionals. J Occup Environ Med 2012;54:64-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823c768a
  59. Arrighi HM, Hertz-Picciotto I. The evolving concept of the healthy worker survivor effect. Epidemiology 1994;5:189-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199403000-00009
  60. Carpenter LM. Some observations on the healthy worker effect. Br J Ind Med 1987;44:289-91.
  61. Oakman J, Chan S. Risk management: where should we target strategies to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders? Saf Sci 2014;73:99-105.
  62. Graham M. How do we know what we know? Epidemiology in health research. In: Liamputtong P, editor. Research methods in health. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 219-33.
  63. W.F. Blair, Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WMSDs): A reference book for prevention: M. Hagberg et al., Taylor and Francis, Inc., 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007.
  64. Holder NL, Clark HA, DiBlasio JM, Hughes CL, Scherpf JW, Harding L, Shepard KF. Cause, prevalence, and response to occupational musculoskeletal injuries reported by physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. Phys Ther 1999;79:642-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/79.7.642
  65. Karasek RA. Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Adm Sci Q 1979;24:285-308. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392498

Cited by

  1. Work related musculoskeletal injuries sustained by Australian osteopaths: qualitative analysis of effects on practitioner health, clinical practice, and patient care vol.25, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-017-0158-7
  2. Work related musculoskeletal injuries sustained by Australian osteopaths: qualitative analysis of effects on practitioner health, clinical practice, and patient care vol.25, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-017-0158-7
  3. Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevalence and Associated Factors among District Hospital Nurses in Haiphong, Vietnam vol.2018, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3162564
  4. Do Technical Aids for Patient Handling Prevent Musculoskeletal Complaints in Health Care Workers?—A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies vol.15, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030476
  5. Wearable Monitoring Devices for Biomechanical Risk Assessment at Work: Current Status and Future Challenges—A Systematic Review vol.15, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092001
  6. Significant Decreasing Trend in Low Back Injuries in a Beverage Company vol.60, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001431
  7. Workplace injuries in the Australian allied health workforce vol.43, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1071/ah16173
  8. Tradução, adaptação e validação da Escala de Instabilidade no Trabalho de Enfermagem para português brasileiro vol.27, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2943.3170
  9. Prescription Audit, Drug Utilization Pattern and Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in Outpatients of Orthopedics Department of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Pilot Study vol.5, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4103/mamcjms.mamcjms_33_19
  10. Work-related determinants of psychosocial risk factors among employees in the hospital setting vol.61, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-182825
  11. Profissionais da saúde que atuam em ambiente hospitalar têm alta prevalência de fadiga e dorsalgia: estudo transversal vol.26, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/18032926012019
  12. How do we assess musicians’ musculoskeletal symptoms?: a review of outcomes and tools used vol.57, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2018-0065
  13. Upper Limb Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Operating Room Nurses: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study vol.16, pp.16, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162844
  14. Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among health care workers in southwestern Saudi Arabia vol.20, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2431-5
  15. The epidemiology of work-related musculoskeletal injuries among chiropractors in the eThekwini municipality vol.27, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-019-0238-y
  16. Are Moderate and Vigorous Leisure-Time Physical Activity Associated With Musculoskeletal Pain? A Cross-Sectional Study Among 981 Physical Therapists vol.34, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117119870365
  17. Manual handling: the challenges of different care environments vol.29, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.6.358
  18. The incidence of Australian private practice sonographers moving patients unassisted and their level of training: A pilot study vol.7, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/sono.12219
  19. Musculoskeletal Complaints in Occupational Therapists Compared to the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Germany vol.17, pp.14, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144916
  20. Musculoskeletal pain amongst Australian sonography students and recent graduates and an evaluation of the use of ergonomic education for prevention vol.23, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.12227
  21. Pre-placement examinations for newly recruited health care support staff vol.33, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186120979426
  22. Physical exposure during patient transfer and risk of back injury & low-back pain: prospective cohort study vol.21, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03731-2
  23. Reported 1-year prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in Ontario chiropractors vol.28, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-020-00345-2
  24. Work-related musculoskeletal pain in prosthetists and orthotists: a comparison between Australia and other countries vol.45, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1097/pxr.0000000000000051
  25. The Experiences of Ghanaian Midwives on the Use of Nonadjustable Delivery Beds: A Qualitative Study vol.7, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211038204
  26. Work-related musculoskeletal injuries in prosthetists and orthotists in Australia vol.27, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2018.1485335
  27. Ergonomic risk factors and risk exposure level of nursing tasks: association with work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses vol.23, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/21679169.2020.1715473
  28. Prevalence of musculoskeletal injury and pain of UK-based podiatrists and the impact of enforced altered working practices vol.14, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-021-00491-7
  29. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Egyptian physical therapists vol.26, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-021-00025-z