Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Non-biodegradable Organic Pollutants in the Geumho River System

금호강 수계 난분해성 유기오염물질에 대한 시·공간적 특성 분석

  • Jung, Kang-Young (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Ahn, Jung-Min (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Kyung-Lak (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, In-Jung (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yu, Jae-Jeong (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Cheon, Se-Uk (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Kyo-Sik (Department of Civil Engineering Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Han, Kun-Yeun (Department of Civil Engineering Kyungpook National University)
  • 정강영 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 안정민 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 이경락 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 이인정 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 유재정 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 천세억 (국립환경과학원 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 김교식 (경북대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 한건연 (경북대학교 토목공학과)
  • Received : 2015.07.10
  • Accepted : 2015.10.05
  • Published : 2015.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

As a result of analysis based on the observed data for BOD, COD and TOC in order to manage non-biodegradable organics in the Geumho River, COD/BOD ratio was analyzed as the occupying predominance proportion. In this study, the classification(changes in water quality measurement : increase, equal, decrease) and measurement of BOD and COD were analyzed for trends over the past 10 years from 2005 to 2014 in the Geumho River. The Geumho River is expected to need non-biodegradable organics management because BOD was found to be reduced 61.1% and COD was found to be increased 50%. As a result of the analysis of land use, the Geumho-A is a unit watershed area of $921.13km^2$, which is the most common area that is occupied by forests. The Geumho-B is a unit watershed area of $436.8km^2$, which is the area that is highest occupied by agriculture and grass of 24.84%. The Geumho-C is a unit watershed area of $704.56km^2$ accounted for 40.29% of the entire watershed, which is the area that is occupied by urban of 15.12%. Load of non-biodegradable organics, which is not easy biodegradable according to the discharge, appeared to be increased because flow coefficient of COD and TOC at the Geumho-B were estimated larger than 1 value. The management of non-point sources of agricultural land is required because the Geumho-B watershed area occupied by the high proportion of agriculture and field. In this segment it showed to increase the organics that biodegradation is difficult because the ratio of BOD and TOC was decreased rapidly from GR7 to GR8. Thus, countermeasures will be required for this.

Keywords

References

  1. Aiken, G., 1993, Proceeding of the workshop on NOM in drinking water, Chamonix, 37, 19-22.
  2. An, K. G., Kwon, Y. S., 2006, Biological Stream Health and Physico-chemical Characteristics in the Keum -Ho River Watershed, Korea Journal of limnology, 39(2), 145-156.
  3. Barringer, T. H., Dunn, D., Battaglin, W. A., Vowinkel, E. F., 1990, Problem and methods involved in relating land use to ground-water quality, Water Res., 26, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i001p00001
  4. Bang, K. W., Lee, J. H., Yu, M. J., 1997, A study on the runoff characteristics of nonpoint sources in small urban watersheds, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 13(1), 79-99.
  5. Cleveland, W. S., 1979, Robust Locally Weighted Regression and Smoothing Scatterplots, Journal of American Statistician Assocociation, 74, 829-836. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10481038
  6. Choi, B. D., 2004, The Function or urban river and sustainable regional development: The case of Kumho river, Journal of Korean association of regional geographers, 10(4), 757-774.
  7. Choi, J. Y., Lee, S. Y., Kim, L. H., 2009, Wash-off characteristics of NPS pollutants from forest landuse, J-KOSHAM, 9(4), 129-134.
  8. Cho, H. K., 2011, A study on the related characteristics of discharge-water quality in nakdong river, J. Environ. Sci., 20(3), 373-384.
  9. Choi, H. G., Han, K. Y., Choi, S. Y., 2011, A stochastic analysis of the water quality with discharge variation in upper Nakdong river basin, J. Environ. Impact Assess., 20(6), 833-843.
  10. Choi, D. H., Jung, J. W., Yoon, K. S., Lee, K. S., Choi, W. J., Lim, S. S., Park, H. N., Yim, B. J., Hwang, T. H., 2012, Estimation of TOC concentration using BOD, COD in runoff from paddy fields, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 28(6), 813-818.
  11. Daegu regional environmental agency, 2005, Living, breathing Geumho : water quality and ecological survey in 2005 Geumho tributary, Daegu regional environmental agency, Daegu, Korea.
  12. Han, D. H., Choi, J. Y., 2011, Selection of the Optimum Organic Matter Index for Surface Water Quality Management, Korea Environment Institute, 10(4), 61-80.
  13. Hwang, B. G., Jeong, H. J., 2002, The management planning of pollutant loading allocation in the Kumho river basin, J. Environ. Sci., 11(10), 1125-1131.
  14. Hur, J., Lee, T. H., Park, M. H., Lee, B. M., Park, S. Y., Park, B. S., 2009, Influence of upstream point sources on refractory organic matters in the lake Paldang, Korea Society of Water and Wastewater, 217-218.
  15. Imai, A., Fukushima, T., Matsushige, K., Kim, Y. H., Choi, K., 2002, Characterization of dissolved organic matter in effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Water Res., 36(4), 859-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00283-4
  16. ILWQVNDB(II), Investigation on loading and water quality variation in Namhangang drainage basin(II), 2006, Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
  17. Jacoby, W. G., 2000, Loess: a nonparametric, graphical tool for depicting relationships between variable, Electoral studies, 19, 577-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(99)00028-1
  18. Jang, J. Y., Ryu, D. K., Bae, S. D., Park, J. H., Park, J. C., 2005, A study on runoff characteristics of nonpoint sources during rain event in urban area, The Korea Society of Water and Wastewater, 32-36.
  19. Jung, K. Y., Park, M. H., Hur, J., Lee, S. Y., Shin, J. K., 2009, Comparison of spectroscopic characteristics and chemical oxygen demand efficiencies for dissolved organic matters from diverse sources, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 25(4), 589-596.
  20. Jung, S. M., Eum, J. S., Jang, C. W., Choi, Y. S., Kim, B. C., 2012, Characteristics of nonpoint source pollution and relationship between land use and nutrient concentrations in the Han river watershed, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 28(2), 255-268.(b)
  21. Jung, K. Y., Im, T. H., Kim, G. H., Lee, I. J., Yoon, J. S., Heo, S. N., 2012, Development and application of coliform load duration curve for the Geumho river, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 28(6), 890-895.(a)
  22. Jung, J. W., Lim, B. J., Cho, S. H., Choi, J. H., Song, K. D., Ha, D. W., Kim, H. S., Park, S. H., Hwang, T. H., Jung, S. J., Lee, D. J., 2012, The infiuence of land use on water quality in the tributary of the Yeongsan river basin, Korean J. Limnol., 45(4), 412-419.(c) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2012.45.4.412
  23. Jung, J. W., Cho, S. H., Choi, J. H., Kim, K. S., Jung, S. J., Lim, B. J., 2013, Development and evaluation of simple regression model and multiple regression model for TOC contentation estimation in stream flow, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 29(5), 625-629.
  24. Kim, O. S., Kim, H. C., Kim, J. O., 2000, A study on the relation between pollutant loading and outflow in Chinyang reservoir, Journal of Institute of Environ -mental Protection, 8, 45-53.
  25. Kim, J. S., 2003, Study on bioligical treatment of xenobiotics and nitrate in dye wastewater, Master's Thesis, Kyonggi University, 1-74.
  26. Kim, B. C., Jung, S. M., Jang, C. W., Kim, J. K., 2007, Comparison of BOD, COD and TOC as the Indicator of Organic Matter Pollution in Streams and Reservoirs of Korea, Korean. Soc. Environ. Eng., 29(6), 640- 643.(a)
  27. Kim, J. C., Lee, J. H., Yoo, C. S., Kim, S. D., 2007, Impact of urbanization on hydrology of Geumho river watershed : a model study, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 23(4), 535-542.(b)
  28. Kim, S. W., 2007, NBD accumulation in source water : Its cause and characteristics, Doctorate Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, 1-117.
  29. Kim, J. J., Kim, T. D., Choi, D. H., Lim, K. J., Bernard, Engel., Jeon J. H., 2009, L-THIA modification and SCE-UA application for spatial analysis of nonpoit source pollution at Gumho river basin, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 25(2), 311-322.
  30. Kim, S. W., Oh, J. M., Lee, B. M., Choi, K. S., 2011, Change in fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter at inflow stream per catchment of different land use, Korean J. Limnol., 44(3), 292-302.
  31. Kim, Y. H., Han, J. H., An, K. G., 2012, Physico-chemical Water Quality Gradients Along the Main Axis of the Headwater-to-Downstream of Geumho River and Their Infiuences on Fish Guilds, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 28(4), 561-573.
  32. Kim, H. S., Hong, J. J., Seong, J. U., Choi, K. S., Park, J. C., 2013, Comparison of Organic Matter Distribution in Major Tributaries of the Nakdong River, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 29(5), 618-624.(a)
  33. Kim, G. H., Jung, K. Y., Yoon., J. S., Cheon, S. U., 2013, Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Water Quality Data Observed in Lower Watershed of Nam River Dam, J-KOSHAM., 13(6), 429-437.(b)
  34. Kim, J. T., 2014, Lowess and Outlier Analysis of Biological Oxygen Demand on Nakdong main stream River, JKDISS, 25(1), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2014.25.1.119
  35. Lee, T. G., Park, T. G., 1996, Management and Seasonal Change of Water Environment of the Kumho River, Journal of Nakdong Environmental Research Institute, 1(1), 155-170.
  36. Lee, S. H., Kim, Y. H., Shin, D. R., 2003, Characteristcs of dissolved organic matters in Nakdong river, Korean. Soc. Environ. Eng., 25(6), 701-708.
  37. Lalah, J. O., Wandiga, S. O., 2007, Copper binding by dissolved organic matter in freshwaters in Kenya. Bull, Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 79, 633-638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9278-4
  38. Lyu, J. H., Lee, D. G., 2007, Inquiry of water environment in mihocheon (stream) -water quality monitoring focused on TOC-, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 23(5), 731-739.
  39. Lee, T. H., Lee, B. M., Hur, J., Jung, M. S., Kang, T. G., 2010, Conversion of CODMn into TOC and Refractory Organic Matter Concentrations for Treated Sewage using Regression Equations, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 27(6), 969-975.
  40. Lee, B. M., Lee, T. J., Hur, J., 2011, Development of Han-River Basin Using Organic Matter Parameters and Spectroscopic Characteristics, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 27(5), 625-633.
  41. Lee, S. H., Kim, B. R., Lee, H. W., 2014, A study on water quality after construction of the weirs in the middle area in nakdong river, Korean. Soc. Environ. Eng., 36(4), 285-264.
  42. MOE. 2011, Ministry of Environment Standard, Methods for Water Quality.
  43. Namour, ph., Mouler, M. C., 1998, Fractionation of organic matter from wastewater treatment plant before and after a 21-dqy biodegradability test: A physical-chemical method for measurement of refractory part of effulents, Wat. Res., 32(7), 2224-2231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00428-4
  44. Park, K. H., 2003, The impact of environmental charac -teristics in the Geumho river watershed on stream water quality, Journal of the korea association of geographic information studies, 6(4), 85-98.
  45. Park, J. H., Sohn, S. M., Rhew, D. H., 2011, A study on the discharged characteristice of the pollutabts using the empirical equation and factor analysis case study of the upper and lower watershed of south Han river, J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 27(6), 905-913.
  46. Park, J. H., 2012, Characteristics and fate of Rehractory Organic Matter in the Nakdong River, Master's Thesis, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate school, Pukyong National University, 4-80.
  47. Park, J. H., Park, B. K., Lee, J. K., Rhew, D. H., 2013, Necessity of Refractory Organic Matter Management in Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 29(3), 393-399.
  48. Park, J. H., Moon, M. J., Kim, K. S., 2014, Analysis of relationship between water quality parameters with land use in Yeongsan river basin, J. Environ Impact Assess., 23(1), 19-27.(a) https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2014.23.1.19
  49. Park, J. W., Moon, M. J., Han, S. W., Lee, H. J., Jung, S. J., Hwang, K. S., Kim, K. S., 2014, Application of regression analysis model to TOC concentration estimation -Osu stream watershed-, J. Environ Impact Assess., 23(3), 187-196.(b) https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2014.23.3.187
  50. Shin, J. K., Cho, J. L., Hwang, S. J., Cho, K. J., 2000, Eutrophication and water pollution characteristics of the Kyongan stream to Paltang reservoir, Korean J. Limnol., 33(4), 387-394.
  51. Selcuk, H., Rizzo, L., Nikolaou, A. N., Meric, S., Belgiomo, V., Bekbolet, M., 2007, DBPs formation and toxicity monitoring in different origin water treated by ozone and alum/PAC coagulation. Desalination, 210(1-3), 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.05.030
  52. Wanielista, M. P., 1978, Stormwater management quantity and quality, Ann Arbor Science, Mich, 187-220.
  53. Worrall, F., Burt, T. P., 2007, Trends in DOC concentration in great britain, Journal of Hydrology, 346, 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.08.021
  54. Yang, D. S., Bae, H. K., 2012, The effect of branches on Kumho river's water quality, J. Environ. Sci., 21(10), 1245-1253.