DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluating the Effect of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Corporate Image and Reputation in the Shipping Sector

  • Jang, Hyun-Mi (Port Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Youl (Graduate School of International Studies, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2015.02.09
  • Accepted : 2015.08.05
  • Published : 2015.10.31

Abstract

This research seeks to improve the understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its advantages in the shipping sector. Recently, an improved emphasis on CSR, which incorporates environmental and social concerns into economic considerations of firms, can be found in business management and marketing literature. This is mainly because of people's increased awareness in regards to the negative consequences of corporate activities such as increased environmental pollution and gaps between the rich and the poor. According to the previous literature, it has been revealed that responsible actions by companies can generate positive outcomes in terms of financial and time aspects, but more importantly, intangible equity of the company, including improved corporate reputation, image as well as brand. As the regulation is intensifying in regards to environmental and social responsibility in the shipping sector, shipping companies are trying to engage in CSR to gain competitive advantages. While the reputation and image of shipping companies play essential roles for developing sustainable maritime transport, few studies have been conducted for how the CSR of shipping companies influence the shipping companies' reputation and image relative to other industries. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the effect of the corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and image of shipping companies on the basis of an exploratory study in the Republic of Korea. This research would be beneficial to both academics and practitioners for developing useful CSR strategies which could promote the public's recognition of the shipping sector.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, J. C. and Gerbing, D. W.(1988), "Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach", Psychological bulletin, Vol. 103, No. 3, pp. 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  2. Andreassen, T. W. and Lindestad, B.(1998), "Customer loyalty and complex services: the impact of corporate image on quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty for customers with varying degrees of service expertise", International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564239810199923
  3. Arendt, S. and Brettel, M.(2010), "Understanding the influence of corporate social responsibility on corporate identity, image, and firm performance", Management Decision, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 1469-1492. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011090289
  4. Chand, M. and Fraser, S.(2006), "The relationship between corporate social performance and corporate financial performance: Industry type as a boundary condition", The Business Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 240-245.
  5. Dahlsrud, A.(2008), "How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions", Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
  6. Dowling, G. R.(1988), "Measuring corporate images: a review of alternative approaches", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(88)90019-7
  7. Drobetz, W., Merikas, A., Merika, A. and Tsionas, M. G. (2014), "Corporate social responsibility disclosure: The case of international shipping", Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 71, pp. 18-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2014.08.006
  8. Eberle, D., Berens, G. and Li, T.(2013), "The impact of interactive corporate social responsibility communication on corporate reputation", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 118, No. 4, pp. 731-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1957-y
  9. Eells, R. and Walton, C.(1974), Conceptual Foundations of Business (3rd ed.), Irwin: Burr Ridge, IL.
  10. Fafaliou, I., Lekakou, M. and Theotokas, I.(2006), "Is the European shipping industry aware of corporate social responsibility? The case of the Greek-owned short sea shipping companies", Marine Policy, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.03.003
  11. Fombrun, C. J.(1996), "Reputation: Realizing value from the corporate image", Harvard Business School Press: Boston, MA.
  12. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F.(1981), "Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  13. Foroudi, P., Melewar, T. C. and Gupta, S.(2014), "Linking corporate logo, corporate image, and reputation: An examination of consumer perceptions in the financial setting", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67, No. 11, pp. 2269-2281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.015
  14. Gray, E. R. and Balmer, M. T.(1998), "Managing Corporate Image and Corporate Reputation", Long Range Planning, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(98)00074-0
  15. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. and Anderson, R. E. (2010), Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.), Prentice Hall: New Jersey.
  16. Hargett, T. R. and Williams, M. F.(2009), "Wilh. Wilhelmsen Shipping Company: moving from CSR tradition to CSR leadership", Corporate Governance, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700910936074
  17. Hatch, M. J. and Schultz, M.(1997), "Relations between organizational culture, identity and image", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 31, No. 5/6, pp. 356-365. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569710167583
  18. Hsu, K. T.(2012), "The advertising effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and brand equity: Evidence from the life insurance industry in Taiwan", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 109, No. 2, pp. 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1118-0
  19. Jones, P., Comfort, D. and Hillier, D.(2007), "Corporate social responsibility: a case study of the top ten global retailers", EuroMed Journal of Business, Vol. 2, pp. 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/14502190710749938
  20. Kennedy, S. H.(1977), "Nurturing corporate image", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 120-164.
  21. Kunnaala, V., Rasi, M. and Storgard, J.(2013), "Corporate Social Responsibility and Shipping: Views of Baltic Sea Companies on the Benefits of Responsibility", Publication of the Center for Maritime Studies, University of Turku.
  22. Kuo, C. W. and Tang, M. L.(2013), "Relationships among service quality, corporate image, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention for the elderly in high speed rail services", Journal of Advanced Transportation, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 512-525. https://doi.org/10.1002/atr.179
  23. Lai, C. S., Chiu, C. J., Yang, C. F. and Pai, D. C.(2010), "The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0433-1
  24. Luo, X. and Bhattacharya, C. B.(2006), "Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and market value", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.4.1
  25. Martinuzzi, A., Kudlak, R., Faber, C. and Wiman, A.(2011), "CSR activities and impacts of the retail sector", (No. 4). RIMAS Working Papers.
  26. Nguyen N, LeBlanc G.(2001), "Corporate image and corporate reputation in customers' retention decisions in services", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 8, pp. 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(00)00029-1
  27. Patterson, P. G. and Smith, T.(2003), "A cross-cultural study of switching barriers and propensity to stay with service providers", Journal of Retailing, Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(03)00009-5
  28. Pina, J. M., Martinez, E., De Chernatony, L. and Drury, S. (2006), "The effect of service brand extensions on corporate image: an empirical model", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 40, No. (1/2), pp. 174-197. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560610637374
  29. Pivato, S., Misani, N. and Tencati, A.(2008), "The impact of corporate social responsibility on consumer trust: the case of organic food", Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2008.00515.x
  30. Plummer, J. T.(1984), "How personality makes a difference", Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 27-31.
  31. Pomering, A. and Johnson, L. W.(2009), "Advertising corporate social responsibility initiatives to communicate corporate image: Inhibiting scepticism to enhance persuasion", Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 420-439. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280910998763
  32. Poulovassilis, A. and Meidanis, S.(2013), Sustainability of Shipping - Addressing corporate social responsibility through management systems. Saatavilla: http://www.com-monlawgic.org/sustainability of-shipping.html [2.8. 2013].
  33. Roberts, P. W. and Dowling, G. R.(2002), "Corporate reputation and sustained superior financial performance", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 12, pp. 1077-1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.274
  34. Sarstedt, M., Wilczynski, P. and Melewar, T. C.(2013), "Measuring reputation in global markets-A comparison of reputation measures' convergent and criterion validities", Journal of World Business, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.07.017
  35. Skovgaard, J.(2012), "Corporate social responsibility in the Danish shipping industry", In DRUID Academy Conference, January 19-21, University of Cambridge/The Moeller Centre.
  36. Tuan, L. T.(2012), "Corporate social responsibility, leadership, and brand equity in healthcare service", Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111211247929
  37. Vilanova, M., Lozano, J. M. and Arenas, D.(2009), "Exploring the nature of the relationship between CSR and competitiveness", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9812-2
  38. Voss, G. B. and Voss, Z. G.(2000), "Strategic orientation and firm performance in an artistic environment", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.1.67.17993
  39. Walker, M. and Kent, A.(2009), "Do fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industry", Journal of Sport Management, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 743-769. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.6.743
  40. Walsh, G., Mitchell, V. W., Jackson, P. R. and Beatty, S. E. (2009), "Examining the antecedents and consequences of corporate reputation: A customer perspective", British Journal of Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 187-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00557.x
  41. Wang, J.(2006), "Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited", Public Relations Review, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2005.12.001
  42. Wang, H. M. D.(2010), "Corporate social performance and financial-based brand equity", Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011068577
  43. Willingale, M.(1998), Ship Management (3rd ed.), LLP Business Shipping Series: London.
  44. Yliskylä-Peuralahti, J. and Gritsenko, D.(2014), "Binding rules or voluntary actions? A conceptual framework for CSR in shipping", WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, pp. 1-18.