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유색미로 제조한 식혜의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성에 관한 연구

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant activities of Sikhye Made with Pigmented Rice

  • 양지원 (한국식품연구원 기능성식품연구본부 바이오공정연구단) ;
  • 김영언 (한국식품연구원 기능성식품연구본부 바이오공정연구단) ;
  • 이경희 (경희대학교 외식경영학과)
  • Yang, Ji-won (Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Functional Food Research, Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering) ;
  • Kim, Young Eon (Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Functional Food Research, Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering) ;
  • Lee, Kyung Hee (Dept. of Food Service Management, Kyunghee University)
  • 투고 : 2015.07.24
  • 심사 : 2015.10.05
  • 발행 : 2015.10.30

초록

본 연구에서는 색이 다른 유색미를 이용한 식혜의 이화학적 특성과 항산화 특성을 평가하기 위하여 백미, 현미, 적미, 녹미, 흑미로 식혜를 제조하고, 식혜의 일반성분, pH, 정미성분, 항산화 특성 및 색상을 비교 검토하였다. 유색미 식혜의 일반성분은 조지방을 제외하고, 유색미 종류에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 조단백질 함량은 현미 식혜가 가장 높게, 수분, 조지방 및 회분의 함량은 흑미 식혜가 가장 높게 나타났다. 식혜의 pH는 5.58~5.94로 유색미 종류에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), 백미 식혜의 pH가 5.94로 가장 높았다. 정미성분으로 당 함량은 적미 식혜와 흑미 식혜가 가장 높은 $15.07^{\circ}Bx$를 나타냈으며, 환원당은 백미 식혜가, 유리당 함량은 현미 식혜가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 적정산도와 총산도는 흑미 식혜가, 유기산 함량은 백미 식혜에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 항산화 성분으로 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 총 안토시아닌 함량은 다른 유색미 식혜에 비해 흑미 식혜가 가장 높은 함량을 보여 각각 7.12 mg GAE/g, 2.32 mg CAE/g, 142.94 mg CGE/g으로 나타났다. 또한 흑미 식혜의 DPPH radical 소거능, 환원력 및 FRAP 법을 이용한 항산화력은 84.25%, 8.78 mg AAE/g, 7.32 mg AAE/g으로 다른 유색미 식혜에 비해 가장 높은 항산화력을 보였으며, 적미 식혜도 상당히 높은 항산화 특성을 나타냈다. 유색미 식혜의 백색도, 적색도 및 황색도는 쌀 자체의 색에 의해 영향을 받아 다른 색상으로 나타났다. 주성분 분석 결과, 백미식혜는 유기산, 환원당, pH 등의 특성과 높은 관련성이, 녹미, 현미 식혜는 식혜의 밝고 노르스름한 색상과 식혜 특유의 풍미를 나타내는 맥아당과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 적미 식혜는 산과 회분, 수분, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 포도당, 과당 함량, 흑미 식혜는 항산화 성분과 항산화력, 조지방, 조단백, 당도, 적색도와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 이상으로 유색미를 이용하여 식혜를 제조할 경우, 백미로 만들어진 전통적인 식혜보다 다양한 색상의 식혜 제조가 가능하고, 흑미에 의한 항산화 기능이 우수한 식혜와 현미나 적미에 의한 단맛과 식혜 특유의 풍미가 풍부한 식혜 제조가 가능할 것으로 생각되어, 건강 지향적이며 맛이 더욱 향상된 식혜가 만들어질 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 이러한 결과는 유색미 활용도나 식혜의 소비 촉진에 상당한 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

This study compared the physicochemical characteristics, proximate composition, taste compound and antioxidant properties of Sikhye prepared with pigmented rice. Proximate composition showed a significant difference depending on the type of pigmented rice except crude fat contents and pH, color was a significant difference depending on the type of pigmented rice. The highest brix degree was $15.07^{\circ}Brix$ in red and black rice Sikhye. Each highest value of reducing sugar and free sugar content showed milled rice and brown rice Sikhye. Titratable acidity and total acidity of the pigmented rice Sikhye were highest for black rice Sikhye, free sugar content were highest for green rice Sikhye. Analysis of their relative antioxidative properties indicated that black rice Sikhye had the highest total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content, the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging ability, and the highest level of reducing power and ferric reducing ability of plasma scores. Principal component analysis suggested that black rice Sikhye had a strong association with antioxidant properties, brown and red rice Sikhye had the strongest association with the sweetness and unique flavor.

키워드

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