DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Whitening Effect of Green Tea Seed Shell Ethanol Extracts

녹차씨 껍질 에탄올 추출물의 미백 활성

  • Song, Ha-Yeon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Sung, Nak-Yun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jung, Pil-Mun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kang, Min-Soo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Park, Won-Jong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Byun, Eui-Hong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2015.06.15
  • Accepted : 2015.07.15
  • Published : 2015.10.31

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the whitening effect of green tea seed shell as an industrial byproduct. Green tea seed shell extract (GTSE) was obtained by ethanol extraction, and the yield was 1.24%. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of GTSE increased dose-dependently. To estimate inhibition of melanin synthesis, viability was tested in B16BL6 melanoma cells. GTSE treatment induced cytotoxicity at a concentration higher than $125{\mu}g/mL$ but did not induce cytoxicity lower than $62.5{\mu}g/mL$. Thus, we fixed the optimal concentration at $62.5{\mu}g/mL$. Using this optimal concentration, melanin synthesis inhibition was measured, and GTSE treatment significantly reduced melanin synthesis induced by ${\alpha}$-melanin stimulating hormone. Therefore, the results indicate that green tea seed shell extracts may have potential melanin synthesis inhibitory activity and may be useful for development of whitening material as a natural ingredient.

본 연구는 산업 부산물의 이용성 향상을 위하여 폐자원인 녹차씨 껍질 추출물의 미백 활성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 녹차씨 껍질로부터 유용성 성분을 얻기 위하여 에탄올 추출을 한 결과 건조중량 대비 1.24%의 추출물의 수율을 얻을 수 있었고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 tyrosinase 억제능을 관찰한 결과 녹차씨 껍질 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 활성이 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 미백 효과가 세포 내에서도 일어나는지에 관하여 알아보기 위하여 melanoma 세포인 B16BL6에 ${\alpha}$-MSH를 처리하여 melanin의 형성을 촉진시키는 melanogenesis 과정을 유도한 후 녹차씨 껍질 추출물을 처리한 결과 농도 의존적으로 melanin의 형성이 감소되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 녹차씨 껍질 추출물의 미백 활성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 활용하여 식품 및 화장품의 기능성 소재로 이용한다면 산업 부산물인 녹차씨 껍질을 활용하는 차원에서 그 경제적 가치가 매우 클 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Fisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, Bata-Csorgo Z, Wan Y, Datta S, Voorhees JJ. 2002. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Arch Dermatol 138: 1462-1470.
  2. Wenk J, Brenneisen P, Meewes C, Wlaschek M, Peters T, Blaudschun R, Ma W, Kuhr L, Schneider L, Scharffetter- Kochanek K. 2001. UV-induced oxidative stress and photoaging. Curr Probl Dermatol 29: 83-94.
  3. Herrling T, Jung K, Fuchs J. 2008. The important role of melanin as protector against free radicals in skin and role as free radical indicator in hair. Spectrochim Acta, Part A 69: 1429-1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2007.09.030
  4. Ramsden CA, Riley PA. 2014. Mechanistic aspects of the tyrosinase oxidation of hydroquinone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 24: 2463-2464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.009
  5. Han NK, Park CM, Kwon JC, Joung MS, Choi JW. 2014. Whitening effect of Fagopyrum tataricum extract. J Soc Cosmet Scientists Korea 40: 179-186. https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2014.40.2.179
  6. Wick MM, Byers L, Frei E 3rd. 1977. L-Dopa: selective toxicity for melanoma cells in vitro. Science 197: 468-469. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.877570
  7. Kahn V. 1995. Effect of kojic acid on the oxidation of DLDOPA, norepinephrine, and dopamine by mushroom tyrosinase. Pigment Cell Res 8: 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1995.tb00669.x
  8. Jin YH, Lee SJ, Chung MH, Park JH, Park YI, Cho TH, Lee SK. 1999. Aloesin and arbutin inhibit tyrosinase activity in a synergistic manner via a different action mechanism. Arch Pharm Res 22: 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976355
  9. Nakagawa M, Kawai K, Kawai K. 1995. Contact allergy to kojic acid in skin care products. Contact Dermatitis 32: 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00832.x
  10. Bae JM, Cho EK, Kim HY, Kang SH, Choi YJ. 2012. Biological analysis of enzymatic extracts from Capsosiphon fulvescens using the Microbulbifer sp. AJ-3 marine bacterium. J Life Sci 22: 627-633. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.5.627
  11. Oh Y. 2014. Whitening effect of Poria cocas ethanol extract by inhibition of melanin synthesis. J Life Sci 24: 485-490. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2014.24.5.485
  12. Serafini M, Ghiselli A, Ferro-Luzzi A. 1996. In vivo antioxidant effect of green and black tea in man. Eur J Clin Nutr 50: 28-32.
  13. Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. 2006. Anti-obesity effects of green tea: from bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res 50: 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500102
  14. An BJ, Kwak JH, Son JH, Park JM, Lee JY, Park TS, Kim SY, Kim YS, Jo C, Byun MW. 2005. Physiological activity of irradiated green tea polyphenol on the human skin. Am J Chin Med 33: 535-546. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X05003144
  15. Hibasami H, Komiya T, Achiwa Y, Ohnishi K, Kojima T, Nakanishi K, Akashi K, Hara Y. 1998. Induction of apoptosis in human stomach cancer cells by green tea catechins. Oncol Rep 5: 527-529.
  16. Erba D, Riso P, Bordoni A, Foti P, Biagi PL, Testolin G. 2005. Effectiveness of moderate green tea consumption on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profile in humans. J Nutr Biochem 16: 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.11.006
  17. Noh KH, Min KH, Seo BY, Kim HO, Kim SH, Song YS. 2011. Suppressive effects of defatted green tea seed ethanol extract on cancer cell proliferation in HepG2 cells. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 767-774. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.6.767
  18. Noh KH, Jang JH, Min KH, Chinzorig R, Lee MO, Song YS. 2011. Suppressive effect of green tea seed coat ethyl acetate fraction on inflammation and its mechanism in RAW264.7 macrophage cell. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 625-634. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.5.625
  19. Noh KH, Kim JK, Song YS. 2011. Suppressive effects of ethyl acetate fraction from green tea seed coats on the production of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 635-641. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.5.635
  20. Park SI, Jung DW. 2005. Effect of green tea powder on the growth inhibition of oral bacteria in yoghurt. Korean J Food Sci Ani Resour 4: 500-506.
  21. Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  22. Flurkey WH. 1991. Identification of tyrosinase in mushrooms by isoelectric focusing. J Food Sci 56: 93-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07983.x
  23. Lim HA, Jang CH, Kim JH, Kim JR, Ha YR, Song YS, Kim YK, Kim JS. 2006. Antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic enzyme-inducing activities of green tea seed extract in hepatoma cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 15: 914-919.
  24. Choi OJ, Choi KH. 2003. The physicochemical properties of Korean wild teas (green tea, semi-fermented tea, and black tea) according to degree of fermentation. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 356-362. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.356
  25. Kinlen LJ, Willows AN, Goldblatt P, Yudkin J. 1988. Tea consumption and cancer. Br J Cancer 58: 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1988.227
  26. Ahmad N, Feyes DK, Nieminen AL, Agarwal R, Mukhtar H. 1997. Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 89: 1881-1886. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.24.1881
  27. Seiberg M. 2001. Keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions during melanosome transfer. Pigment Cell Res 14: 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140402.x
  28. Kameyama K, Takemura T, Hamada Y, Sakai C, Kondoh S, Nishiyama S, Urabe K, Hearing VJ. 1993. Pigment production in murine melanoma cells is regulated by tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP2), and a melanogenic inhibitor. J Invest Dermatol 100: 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12462778
  29. Iwata M, Corn T, Iwata S, Everett MA, Fuller BB. 1990. The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins. J Invest Dermatol 95: 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12872677
  30. Park JG, Kramer BS, Steinberg SM, Carmichael J, Collins JM, Minna JD, Gazdar AF. 1987. Chemosensitivity testing of human colorectal carcinoma cell lines using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Cancer Res 47: 5875-5879.
  31. Busca R, Ballotti R. 2000. Cyclic AMP a key messenger in the regulation of skin pigmentation. Pigment Cell Res 13: 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2000.130203.x
  32. Kreiner PW, Gold CJ, Keirns JJ, Brock WA, Bitensky MW. 1973. Hormonal control of melanocytes: MSH-sensitive adenyl cyclase in the Cloudman melanoma. Yale J Biol Med 46: 583-591.
  33. Hunt G, Todd C, Cresswell JE, Thody AJ. 1994. ${\alpha}$-Melanocyte stimulating hormone and its analogue $Nle^4DPhe^7{\alpha}$-MSH affect morphology, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes. J Cell Sci 107: 205-211.
  34. No JK, Soung DY, Kim YJ, Shim KH, Jun YS, Rhee SH, Yokozawa T, Chung HY. 1999. Inhibition of tyrosinase by green tea components. Life Sci 65: PL241-PL246.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Mixture Including Hot Water Extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunb on Ethanol-Induced Hangover in Rats vol.45, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.10.1508
  2. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Green Tea Seed Shell Ethanol Extracts vol.45, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.7.958