Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제9권4호
  • /
  • Pages.447-464
  • /
  • 2015
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Geotechnical properties of tire-sand mixtures as backfill material for buried pipe installations

  • Terzi, Niyazi U. (Aksaray University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnics Division) ;
  • Erenson, C. (Aksaray University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnics Division) ;
  • Selcuk, Murat E. (YildizTechnical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnics Division)
  • 투고 : 2014.10.16
  • 심사 : 2015.05.20
  • 발행 : 2015.10.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in Turkey. The bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. These tires consume valuable landfill space or if improperly disposed, create a fire hazard and provide a prolific breeding ground for rats and mosquitoes. Used tires pose both a serious public and environmental health problem which means that economically feasible alternatives for scrap tire disposal must be found. Some of the current uses of scrap tires are tire-derived fuel, creating barrier reefs and as an asphalt additive in the form of crumb rubber. However, there is a much need for the development of additional uses for scrap tires. One development the creation of shreds from scrap tires that are coarse grained, free draining and have a low compacted density thus offering significant advantages for use as lightweight subgrade fill and backfill material. This paper reports a comprehensive laboratory study that was performed to evaluate the use of a shredded tire-sand mixture as a backfill material in trench conditions. A steel frame test tank with glass walls was created to replicate a classical trench section in field conditions. The results of the test demonstrated that shredded tires mixed with sand have a definite potential to be effectively used as backfill material for buried pipe installations.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Adalier, K., Elgamal, A.K. and Martin, G.R. (1998), "Foundation liquefaction countermeasures for earth embankments", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., ASCE, 124(6), 500-517. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(500)
  2. Arockiasamy, M., Chaallal, O. and Limpeteeparakarn, T. (2006), "Full-scale field tests on flexible pipes under live load application", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., ASCE, 20(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:1(21)
  3. Ataoglu, S. and Reddy, D.V. (2001), "Boundary element analysis of buried pipe-soil interaction", Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology, (Kassab, A. and Brebbia, C.A. Eds.), Witpress, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 195-205.
  4. Bernal, A., Lovell, C. and Salgado, R. (1996), "Laboratory study on the use of tire shreds and rubber-sand in backfilled and reinforced soil applications", Technical Report; Joint Transp. Res. Program, 136.
  5. Bosscher, P.J., Edil, T.B. and Eldin, N.N. (1992), "Construction and performance of a shredded waste-tire test embankment", Transportation Research Record No. 1345; Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 44-52.
  6. Brachman, R.W.I., Moore, I.D. and Rowe, R.K. (2000), "The design of a laboratory facility for evaluating the structural response of small diameter buried pipes", Can. Geotech. J., 37(2), 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1139/t99-104
  7. Chaallal, O., Arockiasamy, M. and Godat, A. (2014), "Field test performance of buried flexible pipes under live truck loads", J. Perform. Construct. Facil., ASCE, 29(5), 04014124.
  8. Cecich, V., Gonzales, L., Hoisaeter, A., Williams, J. and Reddy, K. (1996), "Use of shredded tires as lightweight backfill material for retaining structures", Waste Manag. Res., 14(5), 433-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X9601400503
  9. Corey, R., Han, J., Khatri, D.K. and Parsons, R.L. (2014), "Laboratory study on geosynthetic protection of buried steel-reinforced HDPE pipes from static loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 140(6), 04014019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001113
  10. Dalley, J.W. and Riley, W.F. (1978), Experimental Stress Analysis, (2nd Edition), McGraw-Hill, USA.
  11. Edil, T.B. and Bosscher, P.J. (1994), "Engineering properties of tire chips and soil mixtures", Geotech. Test. J., 17(4), 453-464. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10306J
  12. Edincliler, A. and Ayhan, V. (2010), "Influence of tire fiber inclusions on shear strength of sand", Geosynth. Int., 17(4), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2010.17.4.183
  13. Faragher, E., Fleming, P.R. and Rogers, C.D.F. (2000), "Analysis of repeated-load field testing of embedded plastic pipes", Transport. Res. Rec., 1514, pp. 271-277.
  14. Foose, G.J., Benson, C.H. and Bosscher, P.J. (1996), "Sand reinforced with shredded waste tires", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 122(9), 760-767.
  15. Hosseini, S.M.M.M. and Tafreshi, S.N.M. (2002), "Soil structure interaction of embedded pipes under cyclic loading conditions", Int. J. Eng., 15(2), 117-124.
  16. Humphrey, D.N., Sandford, T.C., Cribbs, M.M., Gharegrat, H. and Manion, W.P. (1992), "Tire shreds as lightweight backfill for retaining walls - Phase I", A Study for the New England Transportation Consortium, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
  17. Jeyapalan, K. and Boldon, B.A. (1986), "Performance and selection of rigid and flexible pipes", J. Transp. Eng., 112(5), 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1986)112:5(507)
  18. Kawabata, T., Sonoda, Y., Asao, H., Morikami, H. and Nakashima, H. (2013), "Experiments for buried flexible pipe supported by non-uniform bedding", Proceedings of the 23rd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Anchorage, AL, USA, June-July.
  19. Lee, J.H., Salgado, R., Bernal, A. and Lovell, C.W. (1999), "Shredded tires and rubber-sand as lightweight backfill", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125(2), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:2(132)
  20. Lee, Y.G., Kim, S.H., Park, J.S., Kang, J.W. and Yoon, S.J. (2014), "Full-scale field test for buried glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipe with large diameter", Compos. Struct., 120(2), 167-173.
  21. Lund, H.F. (1993), Recycling Handbook, McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
  22. Mahboub, K.C. and Massie, P.R. (1996), "Use of scrap tire chips in asphaltic membrane", Transport. Res. Rec.: J. Transp. Res. Board, 1530(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.3141/1530-08
  23. Manion, W.P. and Humphrey, D.N. (1992), "Use of tire shreds as lightweight and conventional embankment fill, Phase I - Laboratory", Technical Paper 91-1; Technical Services Division, Maine Department of Transportation, Augusta, ME, USA.
  24. Masad, E., Taha, R., Ho, C. and Papagiannakis, T. (1996), "Engineering properties of tire/soil mixtures as a lightweight fill material", ASTM Geotech. Test. J., 19(3), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10355J
  25. Tafreshi, S.N.M. and Khalaj, O. (2008), "Laboratory tests of small-diameter HDPE pipes buried in reinforced sand under repeated-load", Geotext. Geomembr., 26(2), 145-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.06.002
  26. Moghaddas Tafreshi, S.N. and Norouzi, A.H. (2012), "Bearing capacity of a square model footing on sand reinforced with shredded tire-An experimental investigation", Construct. Build. Mater., 35, 547-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.092
  27. Moo-Young, H., Sellasie, K., Zeroka, D. and Sabnis, G. (2003), "Physical and chemical properties of recycled tire shreds for use in construction", J. Environ. Eng., 129(10), 921-929. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:10(921)
  28. Rajeev, P. and Kodikara, J. (2011), "Numerical analysis of an experimental pipe buried in swelling soil", Comput. Geotech., 38(7), 897-904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.06.005
  29. Ravichandran, N. and Huggins, E.L. (2003), "Seismic response of gravity-cantilever retaining wall backfilled with shredded tire", Geotech. Eng. J. SEAGS & AGSSEA, 44(3).
  30. Rogers, C.D.F., Fleming, P.F. and Talby, R. (1996), "Use of visual methods toinvestigate influence of installation procedure on pipe-soil interaction", Transport. Res. Rec., 1541, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., USA.
  31. Shalaby, A. and Khan, R.A. (2005), "Design of unsurfaced roads constructed with large size shredded rubber tires: A case study", Res. Conserv. Recycl., 44(4), 318-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.12.004
  32. Sheikh, M.N, Mashiri, M., Vinod, J. and Tsang, H. (2012), "Shear and compressibility behavior of sand-tire crumb mixtures", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 25(10), 1366-1374.
  33. Spangler, M.G. (1941), "Structural design of flexible pipe culverts", Iowa Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 153, Iowa, USA.
  34. Terzi, N.U., Kilic, H. and Gultekin, S. (2010), "Yanal yuklu bir model kazigin kum ortamindaki davranisinin deneysel ve numerik yontemlerle incelenmesi", Pamukkale Univ. - J. Eng. Sci., 15(1).
  35. Terzi, N.U., Yilmazturk, F., Yildirim, S. and Kilic, H. (2012), "Experimental investigations of backfill conditions on the performance of high-density polyethelenepipes", Exp. Techniques, 36(2), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2010.00691.x
  36. Tsang, H.H., Lo, S.H., Xu, X. and Neaz Sheikh, M. (2012), "Seismic isolation for lowtomediumrise buildings using granulated rubber-soil mixtures: numerical study", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(14), 2009-2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2171
  37. Warith, M.A., Evgin, E. and Benson, P.A.S. (2004), "Suitability of shredded tires for use in landfill leachate collection systems", Waste Manag., 24(10), 967-979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.08.004
  38. Watkins, R.K. and Robert, J.C. (2012), "Buried flexible pipes: Deflections and stresses caused by an increase in soil cover - Highway Crossing. Bridges", Proceeding of Pipelines 2012: Innovations in Design, Construction, Operations, and Maintenance, Doing More with Less, FL, USA, August.
  39. Yang, S., Lohnes, R.A. and Kjartanson, B.H. (2002), "Mechanical properties of shredded tires", Geotech. Test. J., 25(1), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11078J
  40. Yoon, Y.W., Sung, H.C. and Dae, S.K. (2004), "Bearing capacity and settlement of tire-reinforced sands", Geotext. Geomembr., 22(5), 439-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2003.12.002
  41. Youwai, S. and Bergado, D.T. (2003), "Strength and deformation characteristics of shredded rubber tire sand mixtures", Can. Geotech. J., 40(2), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-104
  42. Zornberg, J.G., Cabral, A.R. and Viratjandr, C. (2004), "Behaviour of tire shred sand mixtures", Can. Geotech. J., 41(2), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-086

피인용 문헌

  1. Uncertainty effects of soil and structural properties on the buckling of flexible pipes shallowly buried in Winkler foundation vol.59, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.4.739
  2. Mechanical properties of expanded polystyrene beads stabilized lightweight soil vol.13, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.13.3.459
  3. Innovative approach to determine the minimum wall thickness of flexible buried pipes vol.15, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.2.755
  4. An Experimental Investigation of Liquefaction Resistance of Sand-Ground Rubber Mixtures vol.42, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0101-8
  5. Influence of Backfill Soil Saturation on the Structural Response of Buried Pipes vol.7, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-019-00094-7
  6. Stabilization of backfill using TDA material under a footing close to retaining wall vol.22, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.22.3.197
  7. Effect of Shredded Rubber on Undrained Shear Strength of Fine-Grained Sands vol.7, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-020-00106-x
  8. Vertical load on a conduit buried under a sloping ground vol.24, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.6.599
  9. Strength and deformation behaviour of sand-rubber mixture vol.15, pp.9, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2020.1812193