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Cultivation Processes and Yield of Lentinula edodes on Surface Sawdust Bed

표고버섯의 지면 톱밥균상재배에 의한 재배과정과 수확

  • Koo, Chang-Duck (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hwa-Yong (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Su (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Yong-Woo (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Je-Su (Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2015.03.12
  • Accepted : 2015.07.07
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

The process of cultivation and production of oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) on sawdust surface beds were investigated. Sawdust surface bed cultivation is the method by which oak mushrooms are cultured and produced on sterilized sawdust surface bed without using bags. The bed was made by inoculating with 3 to 1 ratio of bed sawdust to oak mushroom mycelial inoculum. The sawdust bed medium with 65% water content was pasteurized at $65^{\circ}C$, inoculated with sawdust spawn and spread on the surface on vinyl film in cultivation shed. During 78 days of cultivation period, water content in the medium varied from 61 to 72%, its pH decreased from 5.6 to 3.9~4.6 and ergosterol concentration increased to $0.33{\sim}0.59{\mu}g/g$. $CO_2$ concentration in the medium rapidly increased to 8.06% in two weeks. In seven weeks the medium surface started browning and $CO_2$ concentration increased to about 5.63%. Until 11th week the $CO_2$ concentration was maintained at 6~7%. After removing the plastic cover on the bed for ventilation in 12 weeks, $CO_2$ within the bed reduced dramatically to 1.5%. In the cultivation shed the internal temperature was $7.1{\sim}29^{\circ}C$ and humidity was 27.3 to 100%, while bed temperature ranged $11.6{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Oak mushroom fruiting started from late July, in 120 days after bed establishment in late March and continued for approximately 100 days until early December with eight cycles of irrigation treatment. The mushroom yield of the eight cycles were 288~352 kg during the 1st (7/29~8/4) to 3rd cycle (9/3~9/7), 800 kg at the 4th cycle (9/19~9/24), 1,296~1,853 kg during 5th (10/3~10/8) to 7th cycle (4.11~11/9) and 990 kg at 8th cycle (11/23~12/7). Total production was approximately 7.4 tons from 33.0 tons of oak sawdust medium, thus harvest efficiency of the mushroom production was approximately 22.4%.

본 연구는 표고버섯의 지면 톱밥균상재배 과정과 버섯수확량을 구명하였다. 이 톱밥 균상재배는 봉지를 사용하지 않고, 살균된 톱밥과 표고의 톱밥종균을 3:1로 섞어서 지면에 두께 약 10 cm의 균상을 만들어 재배하는 방법이다. 톱밥배지는, 함수율을 65%로 맞추고 $65^{\circ}C$에서 저온살균 후 종균을 접종하고 지면에 약 10 cm 두께의 균상으로 만들고 보습과 보온을 위하여 유공비닐로 덮어두었다. 이 배지는 배양 78일 후에, 함수율이 61~72%, pH는 5.6에서 3.9~4.6로 낮아졌다. 배양기간중 배지내 에르고스테롤 농도는 $0.33{\sim}0.59{\mu}g/g$로 변동이 있었다. 지면배지를 입상한 후 2주 만에 이산화탄소 농도는 약 8.06%까지 급격히 증가하였다. 7주차에는 배지표면이 갈변되기 시작하였고, 이산화탄소 농도는 11주차까지 6~7%를 유지하였다. 그 후 지면배지의 표면비닐을 제거한 12주차부터는 통기성이 증대하여 이산화탄소가 1.5% 이하로 급격히 감소하였다. 이 재배사내 온도는 $7.1{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, 습도는 27.3~100%였고, 톱밥배지내의 온도 변화범위는 $11.6{\sim}30^{\circ}C$였다. 이 지면 재배에서 표고수확은, 입상 약 120일 후인 7월 말경부터 시작되었고, 그 후 약 100일 동안, 즉 12월초까지 8주기에 걸쳐 관수관리하면서 이루어졌다. 이 재배에서 주기별 총 표고수확량은 1주기(7/29~8/4)에 352 kg, 2주기(8/17~8/22)에 288 kg, 3주기(9/3~9/7)에 320 kg, 4주기(9/19~9/24)에 800 kg, 5주기(10/3~10/8)에 1,296 kg, 6주기(10/17~10/22)에 1,853 kg, 7주기(11/4~11/9)에 1,476 kg, 마지막 8주기(11/23~12/7)에 990 kg이었다. 농장 전체는 약 33.0톤의 톱밥배지에서 약 7.4톤의 표고를 수확하여 지면 톱밥균상재배의 표고생산 효율은 약 22.4%였다.

Keywords

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