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The Necessity and Method of Stand Density Control Considering the Shape Ratio of Pinus thunbergii Coastal Disaster Prevention Forests in South Korea

곰솔 해안방재림의 형상비를 고려한 밀도 관리의 필요성과 방안

  • Kim, Suk-Woo (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chun, Kun-Woo (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Ki-Hyung (Department of Forest Conservation, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Lim, Young-Hyup (Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yun, Ju-Ung (Department of Forestry and Environmental Systems, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kwon, Se-Myoung (School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University) ;
  • Youn, Ho-Joong (Department of Forest Conservation, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Ho (Gangwon Branch of Korean Association of Soil and Water Conservation) ;
  • Teramoto, Yukiyoshi (Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University) ;
  • Ezaki, Tsugio (Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University)
  • Received : 2015.03.26
  • Accepted : 2015.06.06
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

This study examined methods for stand density control by using shape ratio (tree height/DBH) and its application for effective management of Pinus thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests. We analyzed the present conditions (height, DBH, and density) of P. thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests at 123 study sites on Jeju Island and west, south, and east coasts of South Korea and compared them with results from previous studies. The average shape ratio for P. thunbergii showed positive correlations with stand density and was significantly higher on the west coast (66.32) than on the south (49.57) and east (48.19) coasts and Jeju Island (48.29). Stands with shape ratio higher than 70 accounted for 50% of the total study sites on the west coast, indicating a decrease in their disaster prevention function compared to that of other previous studies. The stand density in most coastal areas, except the east coast, was significantly higher than the standards recommended by the Korea Forest Service and the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute of Japan, indicating the need for stand density control. According to the growth estimation equation for P. thunbergii in the coastal area of South Korea, density control is required for young stands less than 14 years old, which show drastic increase in the shape ratio, to conserve their disaster prevention function. Particularly, the first thinning of P. thunbergii forests should be implemented before the stand age of 8 years that a shape ratio exceeds 70. For disaster-prone young stands (${\leq}20cm$ DBH) of P. thunbergii, the stand density was higher in the standard of Japan considering shape ratio than in that of Korea aiming timber production. Hence, the standard guidelines employed in Japan, which assign higher importance to disaster prevention function based on field surveys, can be applied effectively for controlling the stand density of P. thunbergii coastal forests in South Korea, to improve their disaster prevention function.

이 연구는 우리나라 서 남 동해안 및 제주도 총 123개소의 곰솔 해안방재림 실태조사 결과와 국내 외 사례와의 비교를 토대로 형상비를 고려한 밀도 관리의 필요성과 방안을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 곰솔의 형상비(수고/흉고직경)는 서 남 동해안에서 임목밀도와 정의 상관을 보이며, 서해안은 평균 66.32로 남해안 49.57, 동해안 48.19 및 제주도 48.29에 비하여 현저히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 서해안은 형상비 70이상인 곰솔 임분이 전체 개소수의 50%를 차지하여, 국내 외 사례와 비교할 때 방재기능의 저하가 우려되었다. 임목밀도는 동해안을 제외한 대부분 지역에서 우리나라 산림청 및 일본 삼림총합연구소의 기준보다 현저히 높은 과밀상태를 보여 밀도조절이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 우리나라 해안지역 곰솔의 생장 추정식에 의하면 해안방재림의 기능 저하를 방지하기 위하여 형상비가 급증하는 14년생 이하의 유령림에 대한 밀도관리가 중요한 것으로 시사되었다. 특히 곰솔림의 1차 솎아베기는 형상비 70을 초과하는 8년생 임분이 되기 전에 실시해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 우리나라와 일본의 곰솔 밀도기준을 비교한 결과, 목재생산을 목표로 한 국내의 곰솔 밀도기준에 비하여 형상비를 고려한 일본의 기준은 방재기능이 비교적 취약한 흉고직경 20 cm이하의 유령림에 대해서는 보다 높은 임목밀도를 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 우리나라에는 곰솔 해안방재림의 적정 밀도기준이 없기 때문에 현지조사 결과를 토대로 방재기능에 중점을 두고 설정된 일본의 기준이 유효하게 활용될 수 있다고 판단되었다.

Keywords

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