대기 (Atmosphere)

  • 제25권3호
  • /
  • Pages.389-405
  • /
  • 2015
  • /
  • 1598-3560(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-3266(eISSN)
한국기상학회 (Korean Meteorological Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

KLAPS를 이용한 한반도 어는비 사례 연구

Case Studies on Freezing Rain over the Korean Peninsula Using KLAPS

  • 권희내 (부경대학교 환경대기과학과) ;
  • 변희룡 (부경대학교 환경대기과학과) ;
  • 박창균 (부경대학교 환경대기과학과)
  • Kwon, Hui-Nae (Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Byun, Hi-Ryong (Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Park, Chang-Kyun (Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University)
  • 투고 : 2015.02.23
  • 심사 : 2015.07.15
  • 발행 : 2015.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this study, the occurrence circumstances of 3 cases (12 Jan 2006, 11 Jan 2008, 22 Feb 2009) when the freezing rain was observed at more than two observatories in a day with more than three times each observatory, were investigated. Following the advanced study about the same cases, we have tried to find more delicate differences in using the Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS; 5 km reanalysis data) that has the smallest grid scale at current situation. As results, three common characteristics are found: (1) Just before the occurrence of the freezing rain, the wind direction was consistently continuous and the wind speed was constant or gradually increased for at least 3 hr more. (2) Surface air temperature (Relative humidity) was respectively $3.08^{\circ}C$ (28.76%), $0.47^{\circ}C$ (50.07%) and $-3.60^{\circ}C$ (71.07%) 3 hr ago to break out the freezing rain. It means the freezing rain occurs in a wide range of atmospheric environments. However, the closer it got to the occurrence time of the freezing rain, the closer the surface air temperature was to $0^{\circ}C$, and the bigger the humidity of the surface air was. (3) The liquid precipitation formed in the upper atmosphere, met a cold advection bellower than 950 hPa level and suspected to be changed to the super-cooled condition.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Allen, R. L., and M. C. Erickson, 2001: AVN-based MOS precipitation type guidance for the United States. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Office of Meteorology, Science Division.
  2. Bolton, D., 1980: The computation of equivalent potential temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1046-1053. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1046:TCOEPT>2.0.CO;2
  3. Brooks, C. F., 1920: The nature of sleet and how it is formed. Mon. Wea. Rev., 48, 69-73.
  4. Carter, G. M., J. P. Dallavalle, and H. R. Glahn, 1989: Statistical forecasts based on the National Meteorological Center's numerical weather prediction system. Wea. Forecasting, 4, 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1989)004<0401:SFBOTN>2.0.CO;2
  5. Changnon, S. A., 2003: Characteristics of ice storms in the United States. J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 630-639. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0630:COISIT>2.0.CO;2
  6. Choi, Y.-J., 2004: The model algorithms of soil moisture and the precipitation sensitivity of LAPS LSM. Proceedings of the spring meeting of the Korean Meteorological Society, 3, 28-29.
  7. Donaldson, N. R., and R. E. Stewart., 1989: On the precipitation regions within two storms affecting Atlantic Canada. Atmos.-Ocean, 27, 108-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1989.9649330
  8. England, A. W., X. Lin, J. Smerdon, and H. Pollack, 2003:The influence of soil moisture upon the geothermal climate signal. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symposium, 1, 419-421.
  9. Gay, D. A., and R. E. Davis, 1993: Freezing rain and sleet climatology of the southeastern USA. Clim. Res., 3, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr003209
  10. Glahn, H. R., and D. A. Lowry, 1972: The use of model output statistics (MOS) in objective weather forecasting. J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 1203-1211. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1972)011<1203:TUOMOS>2.0.CO;2
  11. Heo, C.-Y., 2014: Black ice is the road of uninvited guest in winter. Police official blog, http://polinlove.tistory.com/7764 (Accessed Feb 20, 2015).
  12. Huffman, G. J., and G. A. Norman Jr., 1988: The supercooled warm rain process and the specification of freezing precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2172-2182. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<2172:TSWRPA>2.0.CO;2
  13. Kim, J.-A., B.-R. Lee, S.-H. Kwon, H.-N. Kwon, and H.-R. Byun, 2013: Space-time distribution and generation characteristics of freezing rain. Proceedings of the autumn meeting of the Korean Meteorological Society, 354-355.
  14. Kim, J.-H., K.-R. Kim, K.-Y. Nam, M.-K. Seok, and S.-J. Lee, 2009: Case analysis of freezing rain. Proceedings of the Spring Meeting of the Korean Meteorological Society, 250-251.
  15. Korea Meteorological Administration, 2013: Forecasting techniques handed on. Definition and utilization of forecast essentials. 218.
  16. Kwon, S.-H., H.-R. Byun, C.-G. Park, and H.-N. Kwon, 2014: On the freezing precipitation in Korea and the basic schemes for its prediction. Proceedings of the Spring Meeting of the Korean Meteorological Society, 148-149.
  17. Lee, S.-M., S.-U. Han, H.-Y. Won, J.-C. Ha, Y.-H. Lee, J.-H. Lee, and J.-C. Park, 2014: A method for the discrimination of precipitation type using thickness and improved matsuo's scheme over South Korea. Atmosphere, 24, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2014.24.2.151
  18. Martner, B. E., J. B. Snider, R. J. Zamora, G. P. Byrd, T. A. Niziol, and P. I. Joe, 1993: A remote-sensing view of a freezing-rain storm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2562-2577. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2562:ARSVOA>2.0.CO;2
  19. Meisinger, C. L., 1920: The precipitation of sleet and the formation of glaze in the eastern United States, January 20 to 25, 1920, with remarks on forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 48, 73-80.
  20. Min, S.-W., J.-R. Lee, and M.-S. Seo, 2006: Precipitation calculation and soil moisture estimation using MTSAT IR1 data. Proceedings of the Autumn Meeting of the Korean Meteorological Society, 366-367.
  21. Mireles, M., K. L. Pederson, and C. H. Elford, 2012: Meteorological Techniques. Technical Note 98-002 Air Force Weather Agency, 200.
  22. Ohtake, T., 1963: Hemispheric investigation of warm rain by radiosonde data. J. Appl. Meteorol., 2, 594-607. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1963)002<0594:HIOWRB>2.0.CO;2
  23. Park, C.-G., and H.-R. Byun, 2014: Three cases with the multiple occurrences of freezing rain in one day in Korea (12 January 2006; 11 January 2008; and 22 February 2009). Atmosphere, 25, 31-49.
  24. Rauber, R. M., M. K. Ramamurthy, and A. Tokay, 1994: Synoptic and mesoscale structure of a severe freezing rain event: The St. Valentine's Day ice storm. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 183-208. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0183:SAMSOA>2.0.CO;2
  25. Rauber, R. M., L. S. Olthoff, M. K. Ramamurthy, and K. E. Kunkel, 2000: The relative importance of warm rain and melting processes in freezing precipitation events. J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1185-1195. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1185:TRIOWR>2.0.CO;2
  26. Rauber, R. M., L. S. Olthoff, M. K. Ramamurthy, D. Miller, and K. E. Kunkel, 2001: A synoptic weather pattern and sounding-based climatology of freezing precipitation in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1724-1747. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1724:ASWPAS>2.0.CO;2
  27. Reisner, J., R. M. RaSmuSSen, and R. T. Bruintjes, 1998: Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1071-1107. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712454804
  28. Robbins, C. C., and J. V. Cortinas, 1996: A climatology of freezing rain in the contiguous United States: Preliminary results. Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, 15, 124-126.
  29. Steenburgh, W. J., C. F. Mass, and S. A. Ferguson, 1997: The influence of terrain-induced circulations on wintertime temperature and snow level in the Washington Cascades. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 208-227. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1997)012<0208:TIOTIC>2.0.CO;2
  30. Stewart, R. E., 1985: Precipitation types in winter storms. Pure Appl. Geophys., 123, 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00877456
  31. Vallee, M., and L. J. Wilson, 2002: The Canadian updateable model output statistics (UMOS) system: Design and development tests. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 206-222. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0206:TCUMOS>2.0.CO;2
  32. Vislocky, R. L., and J. M. Fritsh, 1995: Improved model output statistics forecasts through model consensus. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1157-1164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<1157:IMOSFT>2.0.CO;2
  33. Weber, E. M., 1998: Freezing Precipitation. Technical Note 98-001, Air Force Weather Agency, Offutt Air force base, Nebraska 68113, 120.
  34. WMO, 1995: World Meteorological Organization's Manual on Codes. No. 306, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 503.
  35. Young, W. H., 1978: Freezing precipitation in the southeastern United States. M. S. thesis, Texas A&M University, 123.