Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of Impact Rating Class and Deterioration Condition on the Trails in Juwangsan National Park

주왕산국립공원의 탐방로 훼손현황과 환경피해도 평가

  • Nam, Yeop (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Dongguk Univ.) ;
  • You, Ju-Han (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dongguk Univ.-Gyeongju) ;
  • Heo, Sang-Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dongguk Univ.-Gyeongju)
  • 남엽 (동국대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 유주한 (동국대학교 경주캠퍼스 조경학과) ;
  • 허상현 (동국대학교 경주캠퍼스 조경학과)
  • Received : 2015.03.13
  • Accepted : 2015.07.18
  • Published : 2015.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to maintain, manage and restore the trails by assessing the physical conditions, the patterns of deterioration and the impact rating class of the major trails of Juwangsan National Park. The major trails followed 4 routes including Jubong, Gamaebong, Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi and Woloe. The route length of Jubong was 4.6 km; it was 3.6 km for Gamaebong, 5.6 km for Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi and 5.9 km for Woloe. As for the physical conditions, Jubong was the widest and Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the narrowest in trail width. In terms of the bared trail width, Jubong was the widest and Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the narrowest. As for the depth of erosion, Gamaebong was the deepest and Woloe was the shallowest. Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the steepest and Gamaebong was the gentlest in the slope. Further, Gamaebong showed the highest soil hardness, and Woloe had the lowest hardness. In terms of the times of appearance of deterioration patterns, Jubong recorded 71 times, Gamaebong 62 times, Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi 63 times and Woloe 78 times. In case of the impact rating class, the trail erosion was similar to grades I and II grade; the rest were mostly I grade and hence considered to be in a generally good condition. For the ongoing management of trails, a comprehensive study needs to be conducted in the light of various environmental factors. Also, a restoration plan for damaged trails should be established with consideration for the surrounding environment and ecosystem.

본 연구는 주왕산국립공원의 주요 탐방로의 물리적 상태, 훼손 유형 및 환경피해도를 평가함으로써 탐방로의 유지관리와 복원을 위해 수행되었다. 주요 탐방로는 주봉 구간, 가메봉 구간, 장군봉~금은광이 구간, 월외 구간 등 4개 구간이다. 노선길이의 경우 주봉 구간 4.6km, 가메봉 구간 3.6km, 장군봉~금은광이 구간 5.6km, 월외 구간 5.9km이다. 물리적 상태의 경우 노폭은 주봉 구간이 가장 넓었고 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 좁았다. 나지폭은 주봉 구간이 가장 넓었고 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 좁았다. 침식깊이는 가메봉 구간이 가장 깊었고 월외 구간이 가장 얕았다. 경사는 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 급했고 가메봉 구간이 가장 완만하였다. 토양경도는 가메봉 구간이 가장 높았고 월외 구간이 가장 낮았다. 훼손유형 출현 횟수의 경우 주봉 구간 71회, 가메봉 구간 62회, 장군봉~금은광이 구간 63회, 월외 구간 78회로 나타났다. 환경피해도의 경우 노면침식은 I등급과 II등급이 유사하였으며, 나머지는 I등급이 대체적으로 많기 때문에 건전한 상태인 것으로 생각된다. 향후 탐방로의 지속적인 관리를 위해서는 다양한 환경요소를 고려한 종합적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 훼손된 탐방로는 주변 환경과 생태계를 고려한 복원계획의 수립이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, W.(2012) Deterioration status of closed-trail of National Parks on the Baekdudaegan mountains, South Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 26(5): 827-834. (in Korean with English abstract)
  2. Choi, S.M., H.K. Kweon, J.W. Lee, Y.H. Choi and T.J. Choi(2014) A study on deterioration of ridge trail in Jeongmaek. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 28(4): 450-456. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.4.450
  3. Chung, C.U.(2006) Analysis on distribution characteristics of mammals in relation to altitude in Juwangsan National Park. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 29(6): 511-520. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.6.511
  4. Coleman, R.(1981) Footpath erosion in the English lake District. Applied Geography 1: 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(81)90029-1
  5. Hwang, S.K. and J.H. Kim(2009) Topographical landscape and their controlling geological factors in the Juwangsan National Park: welding facies and columnar joints. Jour. Petrol. Soc. Korea. 18(3): 195-209. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Jeong, W.O. and H.G. Kwon(2008) Trail deteriorations characteristics and stability evaluation in Sobaeksan National Park. Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation 12(1): 51-57. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Kim, J.S., D.H. Jang and H.K. Yang(2013) A characteristics conservation and application of geomorphological landscape resources in National Parks, South Korea. Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association 20(1): 85-96. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Korea Forest Service(2004) The Method of Ecological Maintenance by Deterioration Types of Trail. Korea Forest Service, Korea. 188pp. (in Korean)
  9. Korea National Park Research Institute(2008) Investigation on the Natural Resource of the Juwangsan National Park. Korea National Park Research Institute, Korea. 534pp. (in Korean)
  10. Korea National Park Service(2009) Maintenance Manual of Trails in National Park. Korea National Park Service, Korea. 161pp. (in Korean)
  11. Kwon, T.H., D.W. Kim and J.W. Lee(2005) Trail deterioration in Woraksan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 19(2): 130-138. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and J.W. Lee(1990) User's impact on trail deteriorations and edge vegetation in Sokri Mountain National Park. J. Env. Eco. 4(1): 63-68. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and J.W. Lee(1993) Use impacts on environmental deteriorations of trail in Sobaeksan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 6(2): 168-179. (in Korean with English abstract)
  14. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and J.W. Lee(1994) Use impacts on environmental deteriorations of trail and campsite in Tŏkyusan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 7(2): 241-251. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and J.W. Lee(1995) Use pattern and impacts on environmental deteriorations on and around trails in Chuwangsan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 8(2): 167-176. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and J.W. Lee(1996) Use impacts on environmental deteriorations on and around trails in Odaesan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 9(2): 211-220. (in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and N.H. Jeong(1989) Trail and campground deteriorations and use impact on their natural environment in Mt. Kaya National Park. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 3(1): 81-94. (in Korean with English abstract)
  18. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and S.D. Kwon(1991) Use impact on environmental deteriorations of trail and campsite in Chirisan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 5(1):91-103. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5296/jee.v5i1.5878
  19. Kwon, T.H., K.K. Oh and Y.S. Kwon(1988) Trail and campground deteriorations, and their environmental changes of soil and vegetation in Chiak Mountain Nationa Park. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 2(1): 50-65. (in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Lee, H.C., I.C. Hwang, D.O. Lim and C.U. Chung(2011) The specific plant species and conservation of Juwangsan National Park, Korea. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 25(4): 498-515. (in Korean with English abstract)
  21. Lee, J.W., K.K. Oh and T.H. Kwon(1997) Use impacts on environmental deteriorations on and around trails in Sŏraksan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 10(2): 191-204. (in Korean with English abstract)
  22. Mun, S.J. and J.H. You(2013) Naturalness assessment of trails in urban area of Gyeongju National Park-focused on Sogeumgang, Hwarang and Seoak District-. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 22(4): 303-317. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2013.22.4.303
  23. Mun, S.J.(2013) The naturalness evaluation of trails in Gyeongju National Park. MS thesis, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea, 140pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  24. Mun, S.J., J.H. You, K.P. Hong and S.H. Heo(2013) Analysis of deterioration status on the trails in the Gyeongju National Park-focused on Mt. Toham, Mt. Nam, Mt. Danseok and Mt. Gumi District-. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 41(3): 31-42. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2013.41.3.031
  25. Nam, Y.(2014) The damage degree evaluation and management method of trails in Juwangsan National Park. MS thesis, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea, 140pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  26. Oh, K.K. and S.H. Heo(1992) Environmental deterioration of and around trail in Hallasan National Park. J. Env. Eco. 6(1): 55-71. (in Korean with English abstract)
  27. Oh, K.K., T.H. Kwon and Y.J. Jeun(1987) Trail damage and vegetational change of trail side in Bukhan Mountain National Park. J. Env. Eco. 1(1): 35-45. (in Korean with English abstract)
  28. Park, E.H., T.I. Kim, W.O. Jeong, H.G. Kwon and P.H. Jeong(2010) Trail characteristics and deterioration type of Jirisan National Park Chilseon Valley. Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation 14(2): 9-15. (in Korean with English abstract)
  29. Park, J.H.(2010) Analysis on the restoration of visiting roads of stream of Chilsun in Jirisan National Park. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 13(2): 105-113. (in Korean with English abstract)
  30. Park, P.H., T.I. Kim, W.O. Jeong, H.G. Kwon and P.H. Jeong(2010) Trail characteristics and deterioration type of Jirisan National Park Chilseon Valley. Journal of the Korena Institute of Forest Recreation 14(2): 9-15. (in Korean with English abstract)
  31. Quinn, N.W., R.P.C. Morgan and A.J. Smith(1980) Simulation of soil erosion induced by human tramping. Journal of Environmental Management 10: 155-165.
  32. You, J.H., S.K. Jeon and J.W. Seol(2013) Flora and conservation plan of Gayasan National Park. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 16(1): 109-130. (in Korean with English abstract)