Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Vibration-based structural health monitoring of stay cables by microwave remote sensing

  • Gentile, Carmelo (Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Built environment and Construction engineering (ABC)) ;
  • Cabboi, Alessandro (University of Cagliari, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture)
  • Received : 2014.02.17
  • Accepted : 2014.03.20
  • Published : 2015.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Microwave remote sensing is probably the most recent experimental technique suitable to the non-contact measurement of deflections on large structures, in static or dynamic conditions. In the first part of the paper, the main techniques adopted in microwave remote sensing are described, so that advantages and potential issues of these techniques are presented and discussed. Subsequently, the paper addresses the application of the radar technology to the measurement of the vibration response on the stay cables of two cable-stayed bridges. The dynamic tests were performed in operational conditions (i.e. with the excitation being mainly provided by micro-tremors, wind and traffic) and the maximum deflections of the cables were generally lower than 5.0 mm. The investigation clearly highlights: (a) the safe and simple use of the radar on site and its effectiveness to simultaneously measure the dynamic response of all the stay cables of an array; (b) the negligible effects of the typical issues and uncertainties that might affect the radar measurements; (c) the accuracy of the results provided by the microwave remote sensing in terms of natural frequencies and tension forces of the stay cables; (d) the suitability of microwave interferometry to the repeated application within Structural Health Monitoring programmes.

Keywords

References

  1. Caetano, E. (2007), Cable Vibrations in Cable Stayed Bridges, SED 9, IABSE.
  2. Caetano, E. and Cunha, A. (2011), "On the observation and identification of cable-supported structures", Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2011, Leuven, Belgium, July.
  3. Caetano, E., Silva, S. and Bateira, J. (2011), "A vision system for vibration monitoring of civil engineering structures", Exp. Tech., 35(4), 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2010.00653.x
  4. Cunha, A. and Caetano, E. (1999), "Dynamic measurements on stay cables of cable-stayed bridges using an interferometry laser system", Exp. Tech., 23(3), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1999.tb01570.x
  5. Geier, R., De Roeck, G. and Flesch, R. (2006), "Accurate cable force determination using ambient vibration measurements", Struct. Infrastruct. E., 2(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470500253123
  6. Gentile, C. (2010), "Deflection measurement on vibrating stay cables by non-contact microwave interferometer", NDT & E Int., 43(3), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2009.11.007
  7. Gentile, C. (2011), "Vibration measurement by radar techniques", Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics - EURODYN 2011, Leuven, Belgium, July.
  8. Gentile, C. and Bernardini, G. (2008), "Output-only modal identification of a reinforced concrete bridge from radar-based measurements", NDT & E Int., 41(7), 544-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2008.04.005
  9. Gentile, C. and Bernardini, G. (2010), "An interferometric radar for non-contact measurement of deflections on civil engineering structures: laboratory and full-scale tests", Struct. Infrastruct. E., 6(5), 521-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470903068557
  10. Gentile, C. and Siviero, E. (2007), "Dynamic characteristics of the new curved cable-stayed bridge in Porto Marghera (Venice, Italy) from ambient vibration measurements", Proceedings of the 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC-XXV), Orlando (FL), USA, February.
  11. Henderson, F.M. and Lewis, A.J. (Eds). (1998), Manual of Remote Sensing. Principles and Applications of Imaging Radar, Wiley & Sons.
  12. Irvine, M. (1981), Cable Structures, MIT Press.
  13. Ji, Y.F. and Chang, C.C. (2008), "Nontarget image-based technique for small cable vibration measurement", J. Bridge Eng. - ASCE, 13(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:1(34)
  14. Marple, S.L. Jr. (1987), Digital Spectral Analysis with Applications, Prentice-Hall.
  15. Morse, P. and Ingard, K. (1987), Theoretical Acoustics, Princeton University Press.
  16. Mehrabi, A.B. (2006), "In-service evaluation of cable-stayed bridges, overview of available methods, and findings", J. Bridge Eng.- ASCE, 11(6), 716-724. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2006)11:6(716)
  17. Pieraccini, M., Fratini, M., Parrini, F., Macaluso, G. and Atzeni, C. (2004), "Highspeed CW step-frequency coherent radar for dynamic monitoring of civil engineering structures, Electron. Lett., 40(14), 907-908. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20040549
  18. Psimoulis, P., Pytharouli, S., Karambalis, D. and Stiros, S. (2008), Potential of Global Positioning System (GPS) to measure frequencies of oscillations of engineering structures, J. Sound Vib., 318(3), 606-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.04.036
  19. Psimoulis, P. and Stiros, S. (2013), "Measuring deflections of a short-span railway bridge using a robotic total station, J. Bridge Eng.- ASCE, 18(2), 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000334
  20. Rodelsperger, S., Laufer, G., Gerstenecker, C. and Becker, M. (2010), "Monitoring of displacements with ground-based microwave interferometry: IBIS-S and IBIS-L", J. Appl. Geodesy, 4, 51-54.
  21. Skolnik, M.I. (Ed.) (1990), Radar Handbook, McGraw-Hill.
  22. Taylor, J.D. (Ed.) (2001), Ultra-wideband Radar Technology, CRC Press.
  23. Wehner, D.R. (1995), High-resolution Radar, Artech House.
  24. Welch, P.D. (1967), "The use of Fast Fourier Transform for the estimation of Power Spectra: a method based on time averaging over short modified periodograms", IEEE Trans. Audio Electro-Acoust., 15(2), 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAU.1967.1161901

Cited by

  1. Cable tension force estimate using novel noncontact vision-based sensor vol.99, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.12.020
  2. Tension determination of stay cable or external tendon with complicated constraints using multiple vibration measurements vol.86, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.02.053
  3. Correlated GNSS and temperature measurements at 10-minute intervals on the Severn Suspension Bridge vol.9, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-017-0187-x
  4. Parametric Study of the Errors Obtained from the Measurement of the Oscillating Movement of a Bridge Using Image Processing vol.35, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-016-0372-6
  5. Online damage detection via a synergy of proper orthogonal decomposition and recursive Bayesian filters vol.89, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-017-3530-1
  6. Suspender Replacement for a Signature Bridge vol.23, pp.11, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001299
  7. Microwave Radar Interferometry as a Cost-Efficient Method of Monitoring the Structural Health of Bridges in New Zealand pp.1683-0350, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2018.1461538
  8. Long-Term Deflection Prediction from Computer Vision-Measured Data History for High-Speed Railway Bridges vol.18, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051488
  9. Remote Bridge Monitoring Using Infrasound vol.24, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001375
  10. A novel tension estimation approach for elastic cables by elimination of complex boundary condition effects employing mode shape functions vol.166, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.070
  11. Field Testing of Wind Turbine Towers with Contact and Noncontact Vibration Measurement Methods vol.34, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001366
  12. Geomatics and Soft Computing Techniques for Infrastructural Monitoring vol.12, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041606
  13. Image‐based back analysis for tension estimation of suspension bridge hanger cables vol.27, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2508
  14. Vision-Based Vibration Monitoring of Structures and Infrastructures: An Overview of Recent Applications vol.6, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6010004
  15. Dynamic Identification of Tensile Force in Tie-Rods by Interferometric Radar Measurements vol.11, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083687
  16. Non-Destructive Testing Applications for Steel Bridges vol.11, pp.20, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209757