Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
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Quantitative Changes in Tumor-Associated M2 Macrophages Characterize Cholangiocarcinoma and their Association with Metastasis

  • Thanee, Malinee (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Loilome, Watcharin (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Techasen, Anchalee (Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Namwat, Nisana (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Boonmars, Thidarut (Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Pairojkul, Chawalit (Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Yongvanit, Puangrat (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University)
  • Published : 2015.04.14
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Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes numerous non-neoplastic cells such as leukocytes and fibroblasts that surround the neoplasm and influence its growth. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancerassociated fibroblasts (CAFs) are documented as key players in facilitating cancer appearance and progression. Alteration of the macrophage (CD68, CD163) and fibroblast (${\alpha}-SMA$, FSP-1) cells in Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) -induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was here assessed using liver tissues from an established hamster model and from 43 human cases using immunohistochemistry. We further investigated whether M2-activated TAMs influence CCA cell migration ability by wound healing assay and Western blot analysis. Macrophages and fibroblasts change their phenotypes to M2-TAMs (CD68+, CD163+) and CAFs (${\alpha}-SMA+$, FSP-1+), respectively in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Interestingly, a high density of the M2-TAMs CCA in patients is significantly associated with the presence of extrahepatic metastases (p=0.021). Similarly, CD163+ CCA cells are correlated with metastases (p=0.002), and they may be representative of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with increased metastatic activity. We further showed that M2-TAM conditioned medium can induce CCA cell migration as well as increase N-cadherin expression (mesenchymal marker). The present work revealed that significant TME changes occur at an early stage of Ov-induced carcinogenesis and that M2-TAMs are key factors contributing to CCA metastasis, possibly via EMT processes.

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References

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