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Characteristics of Particulate Carbon in the Ambient Air in the Korean Peninsula

한반도 권역별 대기 중 입자상 탄소 특성 연구

  • Lee, Yeong-jae (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Mi-kyung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jung, Sun-a (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Sun-jung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jo, Mi-ra (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Song, In-ho (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lyu, Young-sook (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lim, Yong-jae (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Jung-hoon (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jung, Hae-jin (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Sang-uk (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Choi, Won-Jun (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Ahn, Joon-young (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Min-hee (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kang, Hyun-jung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Seung-myeong (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Seo, Seok-jun (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jung, Dong-hee (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hyun, Joo-kyeong (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Jong-sung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hwang, Tae-kyung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hong, You-deog (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hong, Ji-hyung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Hye-jung (Department of Air Quality Research, Climate and Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이영재 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 박미경 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 정선아 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 김선정 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 조미라 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 송인호 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 유영숙 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 임용재 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 김정훈 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 정해진 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이상욱 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 최원준 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 안준영 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이민희 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 강현정 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 박승명 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 서석준 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 정동희 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 현주경 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 박종성 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 황태경 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 홍유덕 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 홍지형 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 신혜정 (국립환경과학원 기후대기연구부 대기환경연구과)
  • Received : 2015.05.26
  • Accepted : 2015.07.24
  • Published : 2015.08.31

Abstract

Semi-continuous measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, organic and elemental carbon were made for the period of January to October 2014, at six national air monitoring stations in Korea. OC and EC concentrations showed a clear seasonal variation with the highest in winter (January) and the lowest in summer (August). In winter, the high carbonaceous concentrations were likely influenced by increased fuel combustion from residential heating. OC and EC concentrations varied by monitoring stations with 5.9 and $1.7{\mu}g/m^3$ in Joongbu area, 4.2 and $1.2{\mu}g/m^3$ in Honam area, 4.0 and $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in Yeongnam area, 3.7 and $1.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in Seoul Metropolitan area, 3.0 and $0.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in Jeju Island, 2.9 and $0.7{\mu}g/m^3$ in Baengnyeong Island respectively. The concentrations of OC and EC comprised 9.6~ 15.5% and 2.4~ 4.7% of $PM_{2.5}$. Urban Joongbu area located adjacent to the intersection of several main roads showed the highest carbon concentration among six national air monitoring station. On the other hand, background Baengnyeong Island showed the lowest carbon concentration and the highest OC/EC ratio (4.5). During the haze episode, OC and EC were enhanced with increase in $PM_{2.5}$ about 1.3~ 3 and 1.3~ 4.0 times respectively. The concentrations of OC, EC in the Asian dust case are about 1~ 2.4 times greater than in the nondust case. The origins of air mass pathways arriving at Seoul, using the backward trajectory analysis, can be mostly classified into 6 groups (Sector I Northern Korea including the sea of Okhotsk, Sector II Northern China including Mongolia, Sector III Southern China, Sector IV South Pacific area, Sector V Japan, Sector VI Southern Korea area). When an air mass originating from northern China and Mongolia, the OC concentrations were the most elevated, with a higher OC/EC ratio (2.4~ 3.3), and accounting for 17% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass on average.

Keywords

References

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