Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Potassium to Magnesium Ratio Enables the Prediction of Internal Browning Disorder during Cold Storage of Asian Pears

  • Seo, Ho-Jin (Department of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Chen, Po-An (Department of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Lin, Shu-Yen (Department of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Ho (Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Wol-Soo (Department of Horticulture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Haung, Tzu-Bin (Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University) ;
  • Roan, Su-Feng (Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University) ;
  • Chen, Iou-Zen (Department of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University)
  • Received : 2015.03.17
  • Accepted : 2015.05.02
  • Published : 2015.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

'Taichung No. 2' is a new Asian pear cultivar developed in Taiwan with low chilling requirement; however, is likely to develop internal browning disorder under low temperature storage conditions. We investigated the impact of storage time on flesh browning disorder in pears harvested from 22 orchards in 2010 and 2011, and analyzed the levels of nutrients in different fruit parts such as the peel, flesh, and core. Calcium and potassium contents were higher in the flesh and peel, respectively, of more severely browned fruits, whereas a lower magnesium content was recorded in the peel and core of these fruits. Nitrogen and potassium contents in the peel, and calcium content in the flesh were positively correlated with browning disorder severity. By contrast, the magnesium content in the core was negatively correlated with browning disorder severity. However, the nutrient contents in fruits varied between the two sampling years considered. Only the K/Mg ratio was an effective predictor of the browning disorder severity and showed a positive linear correlation in the two years. We recommend that the K/Mg ratio should be lower than 10 to avoid severe browning disorder in pears.

Keywords

References

  1. Bowen, J.H. and C.B. Watkins. 1997. Fruit maturity, carbohydrate and mineral content relationships with watercore in 'Fuji' apples. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 11:31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(97)01409-9
  2. Cho, J.S., W.S. Kim, and S.H. Lee. 2010. Fruit quality characteristics and pithiness tissue occurrence with fruit gravities in 'Niitaka' pear fruit. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 28:545-551.
  3. Chun, J.P., F. Tamura, K. Tanabe, A. Itai, and T. Tabuchi. 2003. Cell wall degradation and structural changes of GA-induced watercored tissues in Japanese pear 'Akibae' and 'Housui'. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 72:488-496. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.72.488
  4. Crisosto, C.H., R.S Johnson, T. DeJong, and K.R. Day. 1997. Orchard factors affecting postharvest stone fruit quality. HortScience 32:820-823.
  5. Emongor, V.E., D.P. Murr, and E.C. Lougheed. 1994. Preharvest factors that predispose apples to superficial scald. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 4:289-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(94)90040-X
  6. Fallahi, E., W.S. Conway, K. D. Hickey, and C.E. Sams. 1997. The role of calcium and nitrogen in postharvest quality and disease resistance of apples. HortScience 32:831-835.
  7. Ferguson, I., R. Volz, and A. Woolf. 1999. Preharvest factors affecting physiological disorders of fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 15:255-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00089-1
  8. Ferguson, I.B. and C.B. Watkins. 1992. Crop load affects mineral concentrations and incidence of bitter pit in 'Cox's Orange Pippin' apple fruit. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 117:373-376.
  9. Franck, C., J. Lammertyn, Q.T. Ho, P. Verboven, B. Verlinden, and B.M. Nicolai. 2007. Browning disorders in pear fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 43:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.08.008
  10. Gao, Z., S. Jayanty, R. Beaudry, and W. Loescher. 2005. Sorbitol transporter expression in apple sink tissues: implications for fruit sugar accumulation and watercore development. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 130:261-268.
  11. Gemma, H., S. Oomori, S. Sugaya, S-A. Peng, and S. Iwahori. 2002. Study on watercore occurrence in 'Hosui' Japanese pear. Acta Hortic. 596:845-850.
  12. Kuo, C.T., W.Q. Zhao, J.C. Yiu, and Y.W. Liao. 2006. Fruit growth analysis and the influences of harvest maturity on fruit quality and incidence of flesh watercore in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. 'Hosui') grown by top-grafting in Taiwan. Ilan Univ. J. Bioresources 3:69-83.
  13. Larrigaudiere, C., I. Lentheric, J. Puy, and E. Pinto. 2004. Biochemical characterisation of core browning and brown heart disorders in pear by multivariate analysis. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 31:29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00132-7
  14. Lee, S.H., J.H. Choi, W.S. Kim, Y.S. Park, and H. Gemma. 2007. Effects of calcium chloride spray on peroxidase activity and stone cell development in pear fruit (Pyrus pyrifolia 'Niitaka'). J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 76:191-196. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.76.191
  15. Li, L., J. Guan, and J. He. 2011. Effects of harvesting time on fruit quality and internal browning of 'Wonhuwang' pear during cold storage. Front. Agric. China 5:247-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-011-1093-3
  16. Mahajan, B.V.C. and A.S. Dhatt. 2004. Studies on postharvest calcium chloride application on storage behaviour and quality of Asian pear during cold storage. J. Food Agric. Environ. 2:152-159.
  17. Melado-Herreros, A., M.A. Munoz-Garcia, A. Blanco, J. Val, E. Fernandez-Valle, and P. Barreiro. 2013. Assessment of watercore development in apples with MRI: Effect of fruit location in the canopy. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 86:125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.030
  18. Moor, U., K. Karp, P. Põldma, L. Asafova, and, M. Starast. 2006. Post-harvest disorders and mineral composition of apple fruits as affected by pre-harvest calcium treatments. Acta Agric. Scand. B-Soil Plant Sci. 56:179-185.
  19. Paull, R.E., K.Gross, and Y. Qiu. 1999. Changes in papaya cell walls during fruit ripening. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 16:79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00100-8
  20. Raese, J.T. and S.R. Drake. 1995. Calcium sprays and timing affect fruit calcium concentrations, yield, fruit weight, and cork spot of 'Anjou' pears. HortScience 30:1037-1039.
  21. Sakuma, F. 2003. Studies on the cultural factors which induce the occurrence of watercore in Japanese pear 'Housui' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Spec. Bull. Hortic. Res. Inst. 2:81-89.
  22. Tanaka, K., Y. Inomata, S. Kawase, Y. Sekimoto, K. Nagamura, and C. Kawakami. 1992. The physiological mechanism of watercore in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai var. culta Nakai) and its prevention by calcium EDTA. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 61:183-190. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.61.183
  23. Tough, H. J., D.G. Park, K.J. Crutchley, F.B. Bartholomew, and G. Craig. 1998. Effect of crop load on mineral status, maturity and quality of 'Braeburn' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple fruit. Acta Hortic. 96:53-58
  24. Van der Boon, J. 1980. Prediction and control of bitter pit in apples. I. Prediction based on mineral leaf composition, cropping levels and summer temperatures. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 55:307-312.
  25. Veltman, R.H., I. Lentheric, L.H.W. Van der Plas, and H.W. Peppelenbos. 2003. Internal browning in pear fruit (Pyrus communis L. cv Conference) may be a result of a limited availability of energy and antioxidants. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 28:295-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00198-9
  26. Volz, R.K., D.S. Tustin, and I.B. Ferguson. 1996. Mineral accumulation in apple fruit as affected by spur leaves. Sci. Hortic. 65:151-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(95)00870-5
  27. Watkins, C.B. and F.W. Liu. 2010. Temperature and carbon dioxide interactions on quality of controlled atmosphere-stored 'Empire' apples. Hortscience 45:1708-1712.
  28. Yuri, J.A., J.B. Retamales, C. Moggia, and J.L. Vasquez. 2002. Bitter pit control in apples cv. Braeburn through foliar sprays of different calcium sources. Acta Hortic. 594:453-460
  29. Zerbini, P.E., A. Rizzolo, A. Brambilla, P. Cambiaghi, and M. Grassi. 2002. Loss of ascorbic acid during storage of Conference pears in relation to the appearance of brown heart. J. Sci. Food Agric. 82:1007-1013. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1147
  30. Zhang, C., K. Tanabe, U. Lee, S. Kang, and T. Tokunaga. 2009. Gibberellins and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea improve retention force and reduce water core in pre-mature fruit of Japanese pear cv. Housui. Plant Growth Regul. 58:25-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9349-5
  31. Zhou, R., Y. Mo, Y. Li, Y. Zhao, G. Zhang, and Y. Hu. 2008. Quality and internal characteristics of Huanghua pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua) treated with different kinds of coatings during storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 49:171-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.12.004