DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Forming and the Transformations of Seokjojeon Garden in Deoksugung

덕수궁 석조전 정원의 조성과 변천

  • Kim, Hai-Gyoung (Department of Environmental Planning, Konkuk University) ;
  • Oh, Kyusung (Department of Architecture Graduate School, Myongji University)
  • 김해경 (건국대학교 녹지환경계획학과) ;
  • 오규성 (명지대학교 건축학과)
  • Received : 2015.08.19
  • Accepted : 2015.09.18
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

As a result of analyzing the forming and the transformations of Seokjojeon Hall garden by linking it to the changes of Deoksugung Palace influenced by the social atmosphere, the Seokjojeon garden can be classified into four phases. The first phase starts from 1896 to 1914. Gyeongungung was built in the late 19th century(1896-1897) as an official palace and Junghwajeon Hall and Seokjojeon Hall was built for Gojong. J.M.Brown was in charge of the construction of Seokjojeon in the beginning but H.W.Davidson saw the end also set up the garden. In the process of forming the garden the incorporating of Dondeokjeon Hall and the demolishing of the west wing corridors of Junghwajeon Hall occurred. At this phase of the garden a statue of an eagle was put up in the garden but was soon taken down. The shape of the garden was quiet simple with a central axial pathway, a round assorted flower bed placed in front of Seokjojeon Hall. The second phase starts from 1915 to 1932 which lasted for 17 years. At the last years of the Great Han Empire the duties of Gungnaebu(宮內府) was transferred to Leewangjik(李王職) in 1911 and a research on the existing buildings was done by Jujeonkwa(主殿課) in 1915. According to the research drawings, the garden still maintained the axial pathway formed in the previous phase but the garden had an asymmetric form. The flower bed was formed in a round shape and an open-knot technique and boundary plantation was applied to the garden. The third phase starts from 1933 to 1937 and is the period when Seokjojeon Hall was made public. By the year of 1932 many buildings of Deoksugung Palace had been demolished in the preparation of the opening of Seokjojeon Hall as a permanent exhibition hall. The central axial pathway still remained in the new garden and added a pond with a turtle statue in the center. The fourth phase starts from 1938 until the liberation from Japan and is the period when Deoksugung Palace became a park. Yi Royal-Family Museum was built and linked to Seokjojeon Hall with a bridge and the garden transformed into a sunken garden. The garden adopted a fountain and a pagora. Despite the minor changes in the after years the garden still posses most of its form from the fourth phase. As we can see the current garden of Seokjojeon Hall is not the same as the initial garden and therefor the importance of this study lies in the fact that modifications to the statements regarding to Seokjojeon Hall garden should be made.

본 연구는 석조전 정원 조성 과정과 변천을 사회적 배경에 따른 덕수궁 권역의 변천과 연계하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 정원의 변천 과정을 4단계로 구분하였다. 첫째, 개항기 말인 1896년에서 1914년이다. 1896년부터 1897년까지 경운궁은 법궁으로 조성되어 고종의 거처로 중화전과 석조전이 마련되었다. 석조전 건립 초기에는 브라운이 관여했고, 준공과 정원은 데이빗슨이 마무리했다. 정원 조성 과정에서 중화전 회랑이 훼철되고 돈덕전이 편입되었다. 정원은 중심부에 원형 기식화단과 축선을 겸한 동선을 지닌 단순한 형태였고 독수리 조각상을 세웠으나 곧 철거되었다. 둘째, 1915년에서 1932년으로 17년간 형태가 유지되었던 시기이다. 1911년 대한제국 말기 궁내부를 계승한 이왕직이 1915년에 주전과를 설치하여 덕수궁 내 건물들을 조사했다. 당시의 정원은 1차 조성 형태 요소 중 중심축선은 유지하였지만, 녹지대는 비대칭형으로 하였다. 세부화단은 원형이고 오픈 노트 기법과 경계부 식재를 했고, 세분된 동선을 조성했다. 셋째, 1933년에서 1937년까지로 석조전이 개방된 시기이다. 1932년 석조전을 상설미술관으로 개방하기 위해 많은 건물을 훼철했다. 새로 조성한 정원은 중심축과 연계된 동선 중심에 거북이 조각상이 놓인 직사각형 수반이 있는 형태이다. 넷째, 1938년에서 해방까지로 덕수궁이 공원화된 시기이다. 이왕가미술관을 건립하여 석조전과 브리지로 연결하였고, 정원은 선큰(sunken) 정원으로 변모했다. 분수대, 파고라가 도입되었고 이후 부분적인 변형이 있었으나 현재까지 지속되고 있다. 이처럼 현재 남겨진 석조전 정원은 최초의 모습이 아니며, 따라서 본 연구는 석조전 정원에 대한 언설이 재작성되어야 함을 밝힌 것에 의의가 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 건국대학교

References

  1. Ahn. C. M.(2009). Deoksugung, Gyeonggi-do: Dongnyok.
  2. The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture(2004). The History of Eastern Landscape Architecture. Seoul: Munundang.
  3. Joo. N. C.(2009). The Gardens of Korea. Seoul: Korea University Press.
  4. Chang, P. G. and Jeon. B. H.(2013). Costruction of Shin-Seonwon jeon Shrine and Transformation of Deoksooging and Changdeokgung Palaces' Area During King Kojon's Funeral. Architectural Institute of Korea. 29(12): 197-208.
  5. Kim. Y. H.(2014). A study on the Construction of Seokjojeon Hall of Deoksugung Palace and the influx of Western Furniture, on the Daehan Empire. MUNHWAJAE Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies. 47(3): 4-23.
  6. Woo. D. S.(2010). A Study on Yangkwan or Western Style Buildings in Kyong'un Palace during the Great Han Empire. The Journal of Seoul Studies. 40: 75-105.
  7. Kim. E. J.(2014). Seokjojeon, the Forgotten Palace of the Great Han Empire. Seoul: Minsokwon.
  8. Gojong-Sillok. 1896.2.13. 2nd article.
  9. Gojong-Sillok. 1896.2.16. 1st article.
  10. Kim, J. D.(2004). The Beloved Chongdong and Deoksugung by Emp eror Gojong. Seoul: Baleon.
  11. Gojong-Sillok. 1900.1.28. 1st article.
  12. Gojong-Sillok. 1904.4.14. 1st article.
  13. http://www.ngii.go.kr
  14. Gojong-Sillok. 1897.8.13.
  15. Gojong-Sillok. 1897.10.7.
  16. Gojong-Sillok. 1898.2.13.
  17. Gopng-Sillok. 1902.10.19.
  18. Rhee, W. T.(2008). The Paradigm Shift of Political Thoughts from 'Rule of Ritual' to 'Rule of Law' in Korea(1895-1905). The Korean review of political thought. 14(2): 61-84.
  19. Otta Shogo.(1938). The History of Deoksugung, Seoul: Yiwangjik.
  20. The Great Han Empire.(1898). Taehan-yejon.
  21. The Great Han Empire.(1902). JunghwajeonJinyunUigwe.
  22. Gangheejae.(2011). Sourcebook for the Restoration of Deoksugung Seokjojeon. Cultural Heritage Administration.
  23. The Great Han Empire.(1906). Gyeongungung Junggeon Dogam Uigwe.
  24. Gojong-Sillok. 1906.1.13. 1st article.
  25. Gojong-Sillok. 1904.4.14. 3rd article.
  26. http://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div_id=CP_THE001&cp_code=cp0710&index_id=cp0710020G&content_id=cp071002060001&search_left_menu=3
  27. Gyeongungung Junggeon Layout Plan.(1907-1910), Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies.
  28. National Archives of Korea.
  29. Bubryuryupyun.(1908). (Requoted from: Woo, D. S.(2010). A Study on Yangkwan or Western Style Buildings in Kyong'un Palace during the Great Han Empire. The Journal of Seoul Studies. 40: 75-105.
  30. Photographic glass plate pictures.
  31. Cultural Heritage Administration Changdeokgung Office.(2006). (Japanese Imperial Household Agency)Changdeokgung Photo Album. Seoul: Cultural Heritage Administration.
  32. Maeil Shinbo. 1912.8.8.
  33. Maeil Shinbo. 1915.4.8.
  34. Gojong-Sillok. 1896.9.24. 1st article.
  35. Lee, Y. S. (2007). The Status of 'Royal-Family of Joseon' and the role of 'Office of Yi Royal-Family' During the Japanese Occupation. Korean Culture. 40 : 327-396.
  36. Seo, Y. H.(1990). The change of Political System and Gungnaebu during 1894-1904. Journal of Korean History. 23: 327-396.
  37. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1910.12.30. 1st article.
  38. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1910.12.30. 1st article.
  39. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1911.2.1. 3rd article.
  40. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1915.3.24. 2nd article.
  41. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1916.6.10. 1st article.
  42. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1920.11.19. 2nd article.
  43. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1915.3.19. 1st article.
  44. Postcard during the Japanese occupation.
  45. Dong-a Ilbo. 1918.1.9. article.
  46. Maeil Shinbo. 1920.5.15.
  47. Maeil Shinbo. 1922.4.26.
  48. A Scrapbook of Deoksugung State Funeral.
  49. Kang, S. Y. and Jang, Y. H.(2004). Modem History of Korean City Parks, Seoul: Daewangsa.
  50. Dong-a Ilbo.1932.4.24.
  51. Dong-a Ilbo. 1939.1.19.
  52. 140 Scenaries of Joseon.(1933). Japan: Jujiyashupanbu
  53. Dong-a Ilbo. 1932.4.9. article.
  54. Dong-a Ilbo. 1936.5.13.
  55. Chosun Ilbo. 1939.4.2.
  56. Dong-a Ilbo. 1940.3.29.
  57. Mok, S. H.(2009). The Exhibition Space in Kyungseong during the 1930s. Journal of Korean Modern & Contemporary Art History. 20: 97-116.
  58. Gyeongseongbu.(1932). Urban Planning Summary of Gyeongseongbu. Seoul: Yeongin Printing Corp.
  59. Yiwangjik(1938). Yi Royal-Family Museum Booklet.
  60. Chosun Ilbo. 1939.4.3.
  61. Dong-a Ilbo. 1939.2.27.
  62. Dong-a Ilbo. 1939.6.12.
  63. Sunjong-Sillok. 1907.8.2. 1st article.
  64. Sunjong-Sillok Appendix 1913.3.4.
  65. Woo, D. S. and Park, S. J.(2010). Tears of Palace, A Hundred Years of Silence. Gyeonggi-do: Hyohyung.
  66. Lee. J. S. and Hanako Yamamoto. (2004). A Study on Yiwangjik's Organization Based on Jikwonrok. Journal of the Asain music research institute Seoul National University. 26: 1-47.
  67. Sun. S. H. (2010). 近代韓國の洋式趣味-石造殿の庭園と津田信夫の 噴水彫刻をぬぐって. Sakura City Museum of Art. Tsuda Shinobu Exhibition: 114-116.