Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic evaluation of vertically irregular building frames with stiffness, strength, combined-stiffness-and-strength and mass irregularities

  • Received : 2014.07.05
  • Accepted : 2015.02.23
  • Published : 2015.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of different types of irregularity along the height on the seismic responses of moment resisting frames are investigated using nonlinear dynamic analysis. Furthermore, the applicability of consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure for computing the seismic demands of vertically irregular frames is studied and the advantages and limitations of the procedure are elaborated. For this purpose, a special moment resisting steel frame of 10-storey height was selected as reference regular frame for which the effect of higher modes is important. Forty vertically irregular frames with stiffness, strength, combined-stiffness-and-strength and mass irregularities are created by applying two modification factors (MF=2 and 4) in four different locations along the height of the reference frame. Seismic demands of irregular frames are computed by using the nonlinear response history analysis (NL-RHA) and CMP procedure. Modal pushover analysis (MPA) method is also carried out for the sake of comparison. The effect of different types of irregularity along the height on the seismic demands of vertically irregular frames is investigated by studying the results obtained from the NL-RHA. To demonstrate the accuracy of the enhanced pushover analysis methods, the results derived from the CMP and MPA are compared with those obtained by benchmark solution, i.e., NL-RHA. The results show that the CMP and MPA methods can accurately compute the seismic demands of vertically irregular buildings. The methods may be, however, less accurate especially in estimating plastic hinge rotations for weak or weak-and-soft top and middle storeys of vertically irregular frames.

Keywords

References

  1. AISC-ASD (1989), Manual of steel construction, allowable stress design, Chicago (IL): American Institute of Steel Construction.
  2. Al-Ali, A. and Krawinkler, H. (1998), "Effects of vertical irregularities on seismic behavior of building structures", Report No. 130, Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University.
  3. Aydinoglu, M.N. (2003), "An incremental response spectrum analysis procedure on inelastic spectral displacements for multi-mode seismic performance evaluation", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 1(1), 3-36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024853326383
  4. BSSC (Building Seismic Safety Council) (2000), Pre-standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, FEMA-356, Washington (DC): Federal Emergency Management Agency.
  5. Chintanapakdee, C. and Chopra, A. (2003), "Evaluation of the modal pushover analysis procedure using vertically regular and irregular generic frames", A Report on Research Conducted Under Grant No. CMS-9812531.
  6. Chintanapakdee, C. and Chopra, A. (2004), "Seismic response of vertically irregular frames: Response history and modal pushover analyses", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 130(8), 1177-1185. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:8(1177)
  7. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2002), "A modal pushover analysis procedures for estimating seismic demands for buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 561-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.144
  8. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2004), "A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demand for unsymmetric-plan buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 33(8), 903-927. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.380
  9. Chopra, A.K. and Chintanapakdee, C. (2004b), "Evaluation of modal and FEMA pushover analyses: Vertically regular and irregular generic frames", Earthq. Spectra, 20(1), 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1647580
  10. Computers & Structures Incorporated (CSI) (2004), SAP 2000 NL, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  11. Dutta, S.C. and Das, P.K. (2002), "Inelastic seismic response of code-designed reinforced concrete asymmetric buildings with strength degradation", Eng. Struct., 24(10), 1295-1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00062-7
  12. Duan, X.N. and Chandler, A.M. (1995), "Seismic torsional response and design procedures for a class of setback frame buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(5), 761-777. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240511
  13. Ebrahimi Nezhad, M. (2011), "Seismic evaluation of vertically irregular tall building frames considering the effects of higher modes", MSc. thesis, Sahand University of Technology. (in Persian)
  14. Fragiadakis, M., Vamvatsikos, D. and Papadrakakis, M. (2006), "Evaluation of the influence of vertical irregularities on the seismic performance of a nine-story steel frame", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(12), 1489-1509. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.591
  15. ICC (2000), International Building Code 2000, ICC: Falls Church, VA.
  16. Jan, T.S., Liu, M.W. and Kao, Y.C. (2004), "An upper-bound pushover analysis procedure for estimating the seismic demands of high-rise buildings", Eng. Struct., 26(1), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.09.003
  17. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2006), "Adaptive modal combination procedure for nonlinear static analysis of building structures", J. Struct. Eng., 132(11), 1721-1731. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1721)
  18. Karavasilis, T.L., Bazeos, N. and Beskos, D.E. (2008), "Estimation of seismic inelastic deformation demands in plane steel MRF with vertical mass irregularities", Eng. Struct., 30(11), 3265-3275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.005
  19. Kreslin, M. and Fajfar, P. (2011), "The extended N2 method taking into account higher mode effects in elevation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(14), 1571-1589. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1104
  20. Kreslin, M. and Fajfar, P. (2012), "The extended N2 method considering higher mode effects in both plan and elevation", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 10(2), 695-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9319-6
  21. Le-Trung, K., Lee, K., Lee, J. and Lee, D.H. (2010), "Evaluation of seismic behavior of steel special moment frame buildings with vertical irregularities", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., doi: 10.1002/tal.588.
  22. National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) (2009), Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures, FEMA P-750, Washington (DC). Federal Emergency Management Agency.
  23. Poursha, M., Khoshnoudian, F. and Moghadam, A.S. (2009), "A consecutive modal pushover procedure for estimating the seismic demands of tall buildings", Eng. Struct., 31(2), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.10.009
  24. Poursha, M., Khoshnoudian, F. and Moghadam, A.S. (2011), "A consecutive modal pushover procedure for nonlinear static analysis of one-way unsymmetric-plan tall building structures", Eng. Struct., 33(9), 2417-2434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.04.013
  25. Poursha, M., Khoshnoudian, F. and Moghadam, A.S. (2014), "The extended consecutive modal pushover procedure for estimating the seismic demands of two-way unsymmetric-plan tall buildings under influence of two horizontal components of ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 63, 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.02.001
  26. Poursha, M. and Amini, M.A. (2015), "A single-run multi-mode pushover procedure to account for the effect of higher modes in estimating the seismic demands of tall buildings", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(8), 2347-2365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9721-y
  27. Poursha, M. and Talebi Samarin, E. (2015), "The modified and extended upper-bound (UB) pushover method for the multi-mode pushover analysis of unsymmetric-plan tall buildings", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 71, 114-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.012
  28. Reyes, J.C. and Chopra, A. (2011a), "Three-dimensional modal pushover analysis of buildings subjected to two components of ground motion, including its evaluation for tall buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(7), 789-806. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1060
  29. Reyes, J.C. and Chopra, A. (2011b), "Evaluation of three-dimensional modal pushover analysis for unsymmetric-plan buildings subjected to two components of ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(13), 1475-1494. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1100
  30. Salawdeh, Suhaib (2009), "Displacement based design of vertically irregular frame frame-wall structures", MSc. Thesis, Rose School.
  31. Standard No. 2800-05 (2005), Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, 3rd edition, Building and Housing Research Centre, Iran.
  32. Shakeri, K., Shayanfar, M.A. and Kabeyasawa, T. (2010), "A story shear-based adaptive pushover procedure for estimating seismic demands of buildings", Eng. Struct., 32(1), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.09.004
  33. Shakeri, K., Tarbali, K. and Mohebbi, M. (2012), "An adaptive modal pushover procedure for asymmetricplan buildings", Eng. Struct., 36, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.032
  34. Valmundsson, E.V. and Nau, J.M. (1997), "Seismic response of building frames with vertical structural irregularitie", J. Struct. Eng., 123(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:1(30)

Cited by

  1. Applicability of the N2, extended N2 and modal pushover analysis methods for the seismic evaluation of base-isolated building frames with lead rubber bearings (LRBs) vol.98, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.036
  2. Seismic evaluation of cemented material dams -A case study of Tobetsu Dam in Japan vol.10, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.3.717
  3. Seismic evaluation of geometrically irregular steel moment resisting frames with setbacks considering their dynamic characteristics vol.14, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9910-y
  4. Design aspects for minimizing the rotational behavior of setbacks buildings vol.10, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.5.1049
  5. Performance Evaluation of Seismic Strengthened Irregular RC–Steel Hybrid Frames vol.33, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001242
  6. Applied methods for seismic assessment of scoured bridges: a review with case studies vol.13, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.5.497
  7. Influence of rooftop telecommunication tower on set back-step back building resting on different ground slopes vol.18, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-019-0508-7
  8. Behavior factor of vertically irregular RCMRFs based on incremental dynamic analysis vol.16, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.16.6.655
  9. Developing a method for multi-modal shear-based pushover analysis vol.22, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-020-00308-1
  10. An approximate method for determining the behavior factor of RCMRFs with vertical irregularity vol.28, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.28.3.243
  11. Sidesway collapse capacity of the bottom-story-stiffness-irregular moment-resisting frames vol.189, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.107098