DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dietary Rosemary Supplementation on Performance, Microflora Population in the cecum and Noxious Gas Emission from Litter in Broilers

Rosemary의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 맹장내 균총 및 깔짚 중 유해가스 발생량에 미치는 영향

  • 손장호 (대구교육대학교 실과교육과)
  • Received : 2015.04.20
  • Accepted : 2015.06.11
  • Published : 2015.06.30

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary rosemary on performance, microflora population in cecum and noxious gas emission from litter of broiler. A total of 216 broiler chicks at 7 days old were fed the commercial diet (control), added 0.5% level of dried rosemary leaves (5 g/kg diet, T1) and 1.0% level of dried rosemary leaves (10 g/kg diet, T2) for 4 weeks. The body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved by feeding rosemary at 7 to 35 days of age (P<0.05), but there was no difference between T1 and T2. Amount of feed intake and mortality were not different among the three group. There was an increase in the microflora population of Lactobacillus (P<0.05) and decreased in E. coli and salmonella (P<0.05) in the cecum contents at 21 and 35 days of age. Emission of ammonia gas from litter was significantly decreased by supplementary rosemary at 21 to 35 days of age (P<0.05), but there was no difference between T1 and T2. These results indicated that feeding 0.5 to 1.0% level of dried rosemary leaves during broiler production improved in the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio because of increasing nutrient digestibility from feed, also increase in intestinal beneficial bacteria and decrease in harmful bacteria in the cecum contents, and decreasing emission of ammonia gas from litter.

본 연구는 육계 생산과정에서의 건조 Rosemary 잎 분말의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 맹장내 균총 및 깔짚 중 유해가스 발생량에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 총 216수의 7일령 육계에 대조구, Rosemary 분말 0.5% (5 g/kg diet, T1) 및 1.0% (10 g/kg diet, T2)로 구분하여 35일령까지 총 4주간의 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 사육기간중 증체중 및 사료효율은 Rosemary 급여에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였지만(P<0.05), 처리구간(T1 Vs. T2)에는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 사료섭취량 및 도태율은 대조구와 처리구간에 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 21일령과 35일령 모두 맹장내 Lactobacillus의 수는 Rosemary 급여에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), E. Coli 및 Salmonella의 수는 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 혐기성 총 미생물 수는 Rosemary의 첨가에 의한 영향은 인정되지 않았다. 깔짚 내 Ammonia의 발생량은 Rosemary 첨가에 의해서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그러나 처리구간(T1 Vs. T2)에는 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 육계사양에서 건조 Rosemary 잎의 급여는 사료중 영양소 이용율 증가, 소화관내 유익균의 증가 및 유해균의 감소, 및 배설물 중 $NH_3$의 발생량 감소로 인한 증체량 및 사료효율을 개선시킬 가능성이 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, S. C., K. Y. Yeon, and B. O. Lee. 2004. Consumers' Food Preferences and Safety Concerns. Korea J Agric. Managem. Polic. 31: 52-71.
  2. Florou-Paneri, P., D. Dotas, I. Mitsopoulos, V. Dotas, E. Botsoglou, I. Nikolakakis, and N. Botsoglou. 2006. Effect of feeding rosemary and -tocopkeryl acetate on hen performance and egg quality. J. Poult. Sci. 43: 143-149. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.43.143
  3. Frankel, E., S. Huang, R. Aeschbach, and E. Prior. 1996. Antioxidant activity of a rosemary extract and its constituents, carnosic acid, canosol, and rosmarinic acid, in bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsion. J. Agric. Food chem. 44: 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950374p
  4. Guo, F. C., B. A. Williams, R. P. Kwakkel, H. S. Li, X. P. Li, J. Y. Luo, W. K. Li, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2004. Effect of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternative for an antibiotics, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 83: 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.2.175
  5. Hernandez, F., J. Madrid, V. Garcia, J. Orengo, and M. D. Megias. 2004. Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poult. Sci. 83: 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.2.169
  6. Jamshidi, R., Z. Afzali, and D. Afzaali. 2009. Chemical composition of hydrodistillation essential oil of rosemary in different origins in Iran and comparison with other countries. American-Errasian J Agric. & Environ. Sci. 5: 78-81.
  7. Kang, G. H., S. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, H. K. Kang, D. W. Kim, S. H. Cho, P. N. Seong, B. Y. Park, and D. H. Kim. 2010. Effects of Environmental Temperature and Antibiotic Substitute on Quality of Chicken Breast Meat., Korean J. Food Sci. Anim. Res. 30: 261-268. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.2.261
  8. Kim, C. H, and I. K. Paik. 2008. Effect of supplementary herbs and plant extracts on the performance of laying hens. Korean J Poult. Sci. 35: 71-78. https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2008.35.1.071
  9. Kim, C. H., K. S. Shin, H. K. Kang, J. H. Kim, J. Hwangbo, H. C. Choi, H. K. Moon, I. K. Paik, and H. T. Bang. 2014a. Effects of supplementary Cu-Soy protein and Herbal mixture on the growth performabce, intestinal microflora, immune response in broilers. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 41: 165-171. https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2014.41.3.165
  10. Kim, J. H., D. H. Jin, Y. D. Kim, and H. J. Jin. 2014b. Effects of carnosic acid on muscle growth in zebrafish. Korean J. Ichthyo. 26: 171-178.
  11. Lee, J. Y., J. N. Lee, K. T. Lee, and K. K. Lee. 2012 Development of Antimicrobial Plant Extracts and its Application to Cosmetics. Soc. Cosmet. Sci. Kor. 38: 171-179.
  12. Lee, J. W., I. S. Choi, and W. S. Kim. 2013. Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of carnosic acid on white sausage. Korean J. Organic agri. 21: 219-232. https://doi.org/10.11625/KJOA.2013.21.2.219
  13. Lee, S. H. and J. W. Jung. 2013. Development and application of functional materials from natural products, The Jeju Press.
  14. Lopez-Jimenez, A., M. garcia-Caballero, M. A. Medina, and A. R. Quesada. 2013. Antiangiogenic properties of carnosol and carnosic acid, two major dietary compounds from rosemary. Eur. J. Nutr. 52: 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0289-x
  15. Mathlouthi, N., T. Bouzaienne, I. Oueslati, F. Recoquillay, M. Hamdi, M. Urdaci, and R. Bergaoui. 2012. Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: in vitro antimivrobial activities and effects on growth performance. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 813-823. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3646
  16. Mitsch, P., K. Zitterl-Eglseer, B. Kohler, C. Gabler, R. Losa, and L. Zimpemik. 2004. The effect of two different blends of essential oil component on the proliferation of Cl. perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 83: 669-675. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.4.669
  17. National Institute of Animal Science. 2002. New Breeding Technology for Broiler. RDA, Korea.
  18. Richheimer, S., M. Bernart, G. King, C. Kent, and D. Bailey. 1996. Antioxidant activity of lipid-soluble phenolic diterpenes from rosemart. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73: 507-514.
  19. SAS. 2000. Statistical Analysis System ver., 6. 12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  20. Shin, Y. S. and Y. J. Oh. 2001. Dyeing of cott on with rosemary extract. Korean Soc. Clot. Tex. 25: 1314-1320.
  21. Son, J. H. and S. H. Kim. 2004. Effects of drinking rhus tree-extract on performance of broiler. Korean Poult. Sci. 31: 25-31.
  22. Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and procedure of statistics, McGraw Hill, NY.
  23. Wong J. W., K. Hashimoto, and T. Shibamoto. 1995. Antioxidant activities of rosemary and sage extracts and vutamin E in a model system. J. Food Chem. 43: 2707-2712. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00058a029
  24. Yesilbag, D., M. Eren, H. Agel, A. Kovanlikaya, and F. Balci. 2011. Effects of dietary rosemary, rosemary volatile oil and vitamin E on broiler performance, meat quality and serum SOD activity. Br. Poult. Sci. 52: 472-482. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2011.599026
  25. Yesil-Celiktas, O., C. Sevimli, E. Bedir, and F. Vardar-Sukan. 2010. Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosemarinic acid on the grpwth of various human cancer ceil lines. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 65: 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0166-4