630 nm Light Emitting Diode Irradiation Improves Dermal Wound Healing in Rats

  • Lee, Jae-Hyoung (Department of Physical Therapy, Electrotherapy Research Laboratory for Tissue Growth and Repair, Wonkwang Health Science University) ;
  • Jekal, Seung-Joo (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University) ;
  • Kwon, Pil-Seung (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University)
  • Received : 2015.05.28
  • Accepted : 2015.06.15
  • Published : 2015.06.25

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the effects of 630 nm light emitting diode (LED) on full-thickness wound healing. Methods: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LED (n=6) and control group (n=6). Two $19.63mm^2$ wounds were created on the mid dorsum. LED group received a 630 nm LED irradiation with $3.67mW/cm^2$ for 30 minutes ($6.60J/cm^2$) for 7 days, while control group received sham LED irradiation. Epithelial gap, collagen density, ${\alpha}$-SMA fibroblast and PCNA keratinocyte were measured on histochemical and immunohistochemical staining using image analysis system. An independent t-test was conducted to compare the difference between groups. Results: The wound closure rate, collagen density, ${\alpha}$-SMA fibroblast number, epithelial gap and PCNA keratinocyte number have shown no significant difference between LED and control group at day 3 after the treatment. At day 7 after the treatment, the wound closure rate in LED group was increased when compared with control group (p<0.05). The collagen density (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-SMA immunoreactive fibroblast number (p<0.001) were increased when compared with control group at day 7. The epithelial gap in LED group was significantly shorten than control group at day 7 (p<0.01). The PCNA positive cell number in LED group was higher than control group at day 7 (p<0.01). Conclusion: 630 nm LED with $3.67mW/cm^2$, $6.60J/cm^2$ accelerate collagen deposition by stimulating fibroblasts, and enhance wound contraction by differentiating myofibroblasts in the dermis, and accelerate keratinocyte proliferation by facilitating DNA synthesis in the epidermis. It may promote the healing process in proliferation stage of wound healing.

Keywords

References

  1. Health Quality Ontario. Management of chronic pressure ulcers: an evidence- based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2009;9(3):1-203.
  2. Bolton LL, Girolami S, Corbett L, et al. The Association for the Advancement of Wound Care (AAWC) venous and pressure ulcer guidelines. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2014;60(11):24-66.
  3. Lee JH, Park CE, Park RJ. Electrical stimulation induces the collagen deposition and TGF-1 mRNA expression in skin wound of rat. J Kor Phys Ther 2010;22(3):87-92. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.22.87
  4. Flemming K, Cullum N. Laser therapy for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001182.
  5. Peplow PV, Chung TY, Baxter GD. Laser photobiomodulation of wound healing: a review of experimental studies in mouse and rat animal models. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28(3):291-325. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2446
  6. Erdle BJ, Brouxhon S, Kaplan M, et al. Effects of continuous-wave (670-nm) red light on wound healing. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(3):320-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.34065.x
  7. Klebanov GI, Shuraeva N Yu, Chichuk TV, et al. A comparison of the effects of laser and light-emitting diodes on superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide production in rat wound fluid. Biophysics. 2006; 51(1):116-22.
  8. Hyde C, Hollier B, Anderson A, et al. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins bound to vitronectin enhance keratinocyte protein synthesis and migration. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122:1198-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22527.x
  9. Harding KG, Morris HL, Patel GK. Science, medicine and the future: healing chronic wounds. BMJ. 2002;324(7330):160-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7330.160
  10. de Carvalho FB, Andrade AS, Rasquin LC, et al. Effect of laser ( 660 nm) and LED ( 630 nm) photobiomodulation on formocresol-induced oral ulcers: a clinical and histological study on rodents. Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print].
  11. Adamskaya N, Dungel P, Mittermayr R, et al. Light therapy by blue LED improves wound healing in an excision model in rats. Injury. 2011; 42(9):917-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.03.023
  12. van Beurden HE, Von den Hoff JW, Torensma R, et al. Myofibroblasts in palatal wound healing: prospects for the reduction of wound contraction after cleft palate repair. J Dent Res. 2005;84(10):871-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401002
  13. Chitturi RT, Balasubramaniam AM, Parameswar RA, et al. The role of myofibroblasts in wound healing, contraction and its clinical implications in cleft palate repair. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(3):75-80.
  14. Li B, Wang JH. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in wound healing: force generation and measurement. J Tissue Viability. 2011;20(4):108-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2009.11.004
  15. Fiório FB, Silveira L Jr, Munin E, et al. Effect of incoherent LED radiation on third-degree burning wounds in rats. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2011; 13(6):315-22. https://doi.org/10.3109/14764172.2011.630082
  16. Nogueira VC, Coelho NP, Barros TL, et al. Biomodulation effects of LED and therapeutic ultrasound combined with semipermeable dressing in the repair process of cutaneous lesions in rats. Acta Cir Bras. 2014;29(9):588-95. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8650201400150006
  17. Paraguassu GM, da Guarda MG, Xavier FC, et al. Effects of LED phototherapy on relative wound contraction and reepithelialization during tissue repair in hypothyroid rats: morphometric and histological study. Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29(2):773-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1419-x
  18. Oliveira Sampaio SC, de C Monteiro JS, Cangussu MC, et al. Effect of laser and LED phototherapies on the healing of cutaneous wound on healthy and iron-deficient Wistar rats and their impact on fibroblastic activity during wound healing. Lasers Med Sci. 2013;28(3):799-806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1161-9
  19. de Sousa AP, Santos JN, Dos Reis JA Jr, et al. Effect of LED phototherapy of three distinct wavelengths on fibroblasts on wound healing: a histological study in a rodent model. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28(4):547-52. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2009.2605
  20. Onuma H, Mastui C, Morohashi M. Quantitative analysis of the proliferation of epidermal cells using a human skin organ culture system and the effect of DbcAMP using markers of proliferation (BrdU, Ki-67, PCNA). Arch Dermatol Res. 2001;293(3):133-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004030000195
  21. Ishii A, Muramatsu T, Lee JM, et al. Expression of p75(NGFR), a proliferative and basal cell marker, in the buccal mucosa epithelium during reepithelialization. Acta Histochem Cytochem. 2014;47(4):145-53. https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.14011
  22. Hosoya A, Lee JM, Cho SW, et al. Morphological evidence of basal keratinocyte migration during the re-epithelialization process.Histochem Cell Biol. 2008;130(6):1165-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-008-0499-3
  23. De Castro IC, Rocha CA, Gomes Henriques AC, et al. Do laser and led phototherapies influence mast cells and myofibroblasts to produce collagen? Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29(4):1405-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-014-1537-0