Molecules and Cells

Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology (한국분자세포생물학회)
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Morus alba Accumulates Reactive Oxygen Species to Initiate Apoptosis via FOXO-Caspase 3-Dependent Pathway in Neuroblastoma Cells

  • Kwon, Young Hwi (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Natural Science, Hallym University) ;
  • Bishayee, Kausik (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Natural Science, Hallym University) ;
  • Rahman, Md. Ataur (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Natural Science, Hallym University) ;
  • Hong, Jae Seung (Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Science, Hallym University) ;
  • Lim, Soon-Sung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University) ;
  • Huh, Sung-Oh (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Natural Science, Hallym University)
  • Received : 2015.02.05
  • Accepted : 2015.03.10
  • Published : 2015.07.31
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Abstract

Morus alba root extract (MARE) has been used to treat hyperglycaemic conditions in oriental medicine. Here, we studied whether MARE possesses a cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma. To check the cytotoxicity generated by MARE was whether relatively higher against the cancer cells rather than normal cells, we chose a neuroblastoma cell line (B103) and a normal cell line (Rat-2). A CCK assay revealed that MARE ($10{\mu}g/ml$) reduced cell viability to approximately 60% compared to an untreated control in B103 cells. But in Rat-2 cells, MARE induced relatively lower cytotoxicity. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effect of MARE, we used flow cytometry combined with immunoblot analyses. We found that MARE-treatment could accumulate ROS and depolarize mitochondria membrane potential of B103 cells. Further treatment with MARE in B103 cells also could damage DNA and induce apoptosis. An expression study of p-Akt also suggested that there was a reduction in cellular proliferation and transcription along with the process of apoptosis, which was further evidenced by an increase in Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 activity. Together, our findings suggest that MARE produces more cytotoxicity in cancer cells while having a relatively attenuated effect on normal cells. As such, MARE may be a safer option in cancer therapeutics, and it also shows potential for the patients with symptoms of hyperglycemia and cancer.

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References

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