Membrane and Water Treatment

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fouling analysis and biomass distribution on a membrane bioreactor under low ratio COD/N

  • Gasmi, Aicha (European Membrane Institute, University of Montpellier) ;
  • Heran, Marc (European Membrane Institute, University of Montpellier) ;
  • Hannachi, Ahmed (Laboratory of process engineering and Industrial systems, University of Gabes) ;
  • Grasmick, Alain (European Membrane Institute, University of Montpellier)
  • Received : 2014.07.12
  • Accepted : 2015.03.09
  • Published : 2015.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper deals with the influence of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratio ((COD/N) ratio) on the performance of an membrane bioreactor. We aim at establishing relations between COD/N ratio, organisms' distribution and sludge properties (specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and membrane fouling). It is also essential to define new criteria to characterize the autotrophic microorganisms, as the measurements of apparent removal rates of ammonium seem irrelevant to characterize their specific activity. Two experiments (A and B) have been carried on a 30 L lab scale membrane bioreactor with low COD/N ratio (2.3 and 1.5). The obtained results clearly indicate the role of the COD/N ratio on the biomass distribution and performance of the membrane bioreactor. New specific criteria for characterising the autotrophic microorganisms activity, is also defined as the ratio of maximum ammonium rate to the specific oxygen uptake rate in the endogenous state for autotrophic bacteria which seem to be constant whatever the operating conditions are. They are about 24.5 to 23.8 $gN-NH_4{^+}/gO_2$, for run A and B, respectively. Moreover, the filterability of the biological suspension appear significantly lower, specific resistance to filtration and membrane fouling rate are less than $10^{14}m^{-2}$ and $0.07\;10^{12}m^{-1}.d^{-1}$ respectively, than in conventional MBR confirming the adv < antage of the membrane bioreactor functioning under low COD/N ratio.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : French National Research Agency

References

  1. American Public Health Association (APHA) (1995), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater; Washington, D.C., USA.
  2. Aleem, H. and Sewell, D. (1981), "Mechanism of nitrite oxidation and oxidoreductase systmes in nitrobacter agilis", Current Microbiol., 5(5), 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01567916
  3. Bowen, W.R. and Jenner, F. (1995), "Theoretical descriptions of membrane filtration of colloids and fine particles: an assessment and review", Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 56, 141-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(94)00232-2
  4. Cooper, P., Day, M. and Thomas, V. (1994), "Process option for phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater", Water Environ. J., 8(1), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01096.x
  5. Chua, Z., Zhou, H. and Fane, J. (2006), "Factors affecting the membrane performance in submerge membrane bioreactors", J. Membr. Sci., 284(1-2), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.022
  6. Celine, H., Silvia, L., Etienne, B., Ludo, D. and Heleen, D.W. (2011), "Study of irreversible fouling in MBRs under various operating conditions using new on-line fouling sensor, Sep. Purif. Technol., 81(1), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.07.031
  7. Chang, I., Bag, S. and Lee, C.H. (2001), "Effects of membrane fouling on solute rejection during membrane filtration of activated sludge", Process Biochem., 36(8-9), 855-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00284-3
  8. Campos, J.L., Garrido-Fernandez, J.M., Mendez, R. and Lema, J.M. (1999), "Nitrification at high ammonia loading rates in an activated sludge unit", Bioresour. Technol., 68(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00141-2
  9. Choubert, J.M., Yvan, R., Grasmick, A., Beck, C. and Heduit, A, (2005), Maximum Nitrification Rate in Activated Sludge Processes at Low Temperature: Key Parameters, Optimal Value, E-Water Official Publication of the European Water Association, Number 9, 13 p.
  10. Castaing, J.B., Masse, A. and Sechet, V. (2011), "Immersed hollow fibres microfiltration (MF) for removing undesirable micro-algae and protecting semi-closed aquaculture basins", Desalination, 276(1-3), 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.081
  11. Darren, D. and Shushu, L. (2013), "Comparison study on membrane fouling by various sludge fractions with long solid retention time in membrane bioreactor", Membr. Water Treat., Int. J., 4(3), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2013.04.3.175
  12. Dytczak, M.A. and Oleszkiewicz, J.A. (2008), "Performance change during long-term ozonation aimed at augmenting denitrification and decreasing waste activated sludge", Chemosphere, 73(9), 1529-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.039
  13. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamelton, J.M.P. and Rebers, A. (1956), "Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances", Anal. Chem., 28(3), 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017
  14. Delrue, F., Mielton-Peuchot, A.E. and Recault, Y. (2011), "Relationships between mixed liquor properties, operating conditions and fouling on two full-scale MBR plants", Desalination, 272(1-3), 9-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.12.056
  15. Dominik, D., Christensen, M. and Keiding, K. (2011), "New experimental method and consideration of setting velocity, specific cake resistance and cake compressibility", Water Res., 45(5), 1941-1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.029
  16. Engelhardt, N., Wintgens, T. and Rosen, J. (2003), "Modelling of a membrane bioreactor system for municipal wastewater treatment", J. Membr. Sci., 216(1-2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00046-2
  17. Frolund, B., Griebe, T. and Nielsen, P.H. (1995), "Enzymatic activity in the activated sludge floc matrix", Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 43(4), 755-761. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00164784
  18. Gasmi, A., Heran, M., Hannachi, A. and Grasmick, A. (2014), "New technology for wastewater treatment to decrease fouling propensity", Deswater, 52(10-12), 2193-2200.
  19. Kartik, C. and Barth, F.S. (2008), "Biokinetic characterization of the acceleration phase in autotrophic ammonia oxidation", Water Environ. Res., 80(8), 59-77.
  20. Krupa, V. (2003), "Effects of atmospheric ammonia ($NH_3$) on terrestrial vegetation", Environ. Pollut., 124(2), 179-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00434-7
  21. Lebegue, J., Heran, M. and Grasmick, A. (2008), "MBR Functioning under steady and unsteady state conditions impact on performances and membrane fouling dynamics", Desalination, 231(1-3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.12.009
  22. Ljung, L. (1987), System Identification - Theory for the User, Prentics-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
  23. Munz, G., Gori, R., Cammilli, L. and Lubello, C. (2008), "Characterization of tannery wastewater and biomass in a membrane bioreactor using respirometric analysis", Bioresour. Technol., 99(18), 8612-8618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.004
  24. Ng, T.C. and Ng, H.Y. (2010), "Characterization of initial fouling in aerobic submerged membrane bioreactors in relation to physico-chemical characteristics under different flux conditions", Water Res., 44(7), 2336-2348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.038
  25. Stricot, M., Filali, A., Lesage, N. and Sperandio, M. (2010), "Side-stream membrane bioreactors: Influence of stress generated by hydrodynamics on floc structure, supernatant quality and fouling propensity", Water Res., 44(7), 2113-2124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.021
  26. Surmacz-Gorska, J., Gernaey, K., Demuynck, C., Vanrolleghem, P. and Verstraete, W. (1996), "Nitrification monitoring in activated sludge by Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) measurements", Water Res., 30(5), 1228-1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00280-4
  27. Vanrolleghem, P.A., van Daele, M. and Dochain, D. (1995), "Practical identifiability of a biokinetic model of activated sludge respiration", Water Res., 29(11), 2561-2570. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00105-T
  28. Wouter, G. and Vandael, S. (1999), "Nitrogen removal from sludge reject water with a membrane-assisted bioreactor", Water Res., 33(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00190-0
  29. Xu, Q., Wen, X., Ye, Y. and Chen, V. (2015), "Evaluation of fouling formation and evolution on hollow fibre membrane: Effects of ageing and chemical exposure on biofoulant",Wat.Rea., 68, 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.004
  30. Zhang, A., Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Kuschk, P. and Liu, Y. (2014), "Effects of EPS on membrane fouling in a hybrid membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment", Membr. Water Treat., Int. J., 5(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2014.5.1.001

Cited by

  1. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: Membrane Fouling vol.6, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes6020033
  2. Effect of solids retention time on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors at a constant mixed liquor suspended solids concentration vol.8, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2017.8.4.337