Applied Microscopy

Korean Society of Microscopy (한국현미경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Tongue Movement and Role of Frenulum Linguae Effecting Tongue Movement during Prey Capture in Rana nigromaculata

  • Received : 2015.04.14
  • Accepted : 2015.06.23
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the tongue movement during prey capture by Rana nigromaculata and the location of the frenulum linguae, which effects tongue movement. The tongue of R. nigromaculata are elliptical at the anterior and concave U-shaped at the posterior. The location of the frenulum linguae of R. nigromaculata is located at the front of the submentalis. This is due to the location of the frenulum linguae, which has significantly effects the movement and the expandability of the tongue. In terms of mobility, the tongue of R. nigromaculata and the expandability of the frenulum linguae allow the tongue to increase in length two or more times compared to immobile tongue in the other species. The time required until the swallowing movement after looking at and capturing the prey was 0.692000 seconds. Filming prey capture with a high speed camera showed that the rear part of the U-shaped tongue captures the prey with an appearance of stretching out longer to the front of tongue and turning in a reverse direction to bring the prey to the mouth.

Keywords

References

  1. Deban S M and Nishikawa K C (1992) The kinematics of prey capture and the mechanism of tongue protraction in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. J. Exp. Biol. 170, 235-256.
  2. Emerson S B (1977) Movement of the hyoid in frogs during feeding. Am. J. Anat. 149, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001490109
  3. Gans C (1961) A bullfrog and its prey. A look at the bio-mechanics of jumping. Natural History. New York, 70:26-37.
  4. Gans C (1962) The tongue protrusion mechanism in Rana catesbeana. (abst.). Amer. Zool. 2, 524.
  5. Gans C and Gorniak G C (1982a) How does the toad flip its tongue? Test of two hypotheses. Science 216, 1335-1337. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.216.4552.1335
  6. Gans C and Gorniak G C (1982b) Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marine toads (Bufo marinus). Am. J. Ant. 163, 195-222. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001630302
  7. Iwasaki S (2002) Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J. Anat. 201, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00073.x
  8. Lee J H and Hahm K H (2000) A morphological study on the tongue of Rana catesbeiana. J. Basic. Sci. Res. Inst. 14, 155-170.
  9. Lee J H, Son S W, and Heo J C (1999) Fine structure of the lingual papillae of Bombina orientalis and Rana catesbeiana. J. Innstit. Natur. Sci. 13, 99-108.
  10. Nishikawa K C and Gans C (1996) Mechanisms of tongue protraction and narial closure in the marine toad Bufo marinus. J. Exp. Biol. 199, 2511-2529.
  11. Nishikawa K C, Kier W M, and Smith K K (1999) Morphology and mechanism of tongue movement in the African pig-nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum: A muscular hydrostatic model. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 771-780.
  12. Nishikawa K and Roth G (1991) The mechanism of tongue protraction during prey capture in the frog Discoglossus pictus. J. Exp. Biol. 159, 217-234.
  13. Ozeti N and Wake D B (1969) The morphology and evolution of the tongue and associated structures in salamanders and newts. (family Salamanderidae). Copeia 1969, 91-123. https://doi.org/10.2307/1441701
  14. Regal P (1966) Feeding specializations and the classification of terrestrial salamanders. Evolution 20, 392-407. https://doi.org/10.2307/2406638
  15. Regal P J and Gans C (1976) Functional aspects of the evolution of frog tongues. Evolution 30, 718-734. https://doi.org/10.2307/2407812
  16. Roth G and Wake D B (1989) Conservatism and innovation in the evolution of feeding in vertebrates. In: Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates, eds. Wake D B and Roth G, pp. 7-21, (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
  17. Scienceall, Encyclopedia of Knowledge. "Tongue".
  18. http://www.kidzone.ws/lw/frogs/facts5.htm "What's with that tongue?"