Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제55권1호
  • /
  • Pages.161-189
  • /
  • 2015
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of raft and pile stiffness on seismic response of soil-piled raft-structure system

  • Saha, Rajib (Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Agartala (NIT Agartala)) ;
  • Dutta, Sekhar C. (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian School of Mines) ;
  • Haldar, Sumanta (School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Bhubaneswar))
  • 투고 : 2014.01.15
  • 심사 : 2015.06.03
  • 발행 : 2015.07.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Soil-pile raft-structure interaction is recognized as a significant phenomenon which influences the seismic behaviour of structures. Soil structure interaction (SSI) has been extensively used to analyze the response of superstructure and piled raft through various modelling and analysis techniques. Major drawback of previous study is that overall interaction among entire soil-pile raft-superstructure system considering highlighting the change in design forces of various components in structure has not been explicitly addressed. A recent study addressed this issue in a broad sense, exhibiting the possibility of increase in pile shear due to SSI. However, in this context, relative stiffness of raft and that of pile with respect to soil and length of pile plays an important role in regulating this effect. In this paper, effect of relative stiffness of piled raft and soil along with other parameters is studied using a simplified model incorporating pile-soil raft and superstructure interaction in very soft, soft and moderately stiff soil. It is observed that pile head shear may significantly increase if the relative stiffness of raft and pile increases and furthermore stiffer pile group has a stronger effect. Outcome of this study may provide insight towards the rational seismic design of piles.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Applied Technology Council (ATC) (1996), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, Volume 1, California Seismic Safety Commission, California.
  2. Bhattacharya, K., Dutta, S.C. and Dasgupta, S. (2004), "Effect of soil-flexibility on dynamic behaviour of building frames on raft foundation," J. Sound Vib., 274, 111-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00652-7
  3. Badoni, D. and Makris, M. (1996), "Nonlinear response of single piles under lateral inertial and seismic loads," SoilDyn. Earthq. Eng., 15, 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(95)00027-5
  4. Boulanger, R.W., Curras, C.J., Kutter, B.L., Wilson, W.D. and Abghari, A.A. (1999), "Seismic soil-pile-structure interaction experiments and analyses," J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 125(9), 750-759. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:9(750)
  5. Bowles, J.E. (1997), Foundation Analysis and Design, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company. Singapore.
  6. Clancy, P. (1993), "Numerical analysis ofpiled raft foundations'" Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Western, Australia.
  7. Clancy, P. and Randolph, M.F. (1996), "Simple design tools for piled raft foundations", Geotechnique, 46(2), 313-28. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1996.46.2.313
  8. Chau, K.T., Shen, C.Y. and Guo, X. (2009), "Nonlinear seismic soil-pile-structure interactions: shaking table tests and FEM analyses", Soil Dyn. Earth. Eng., 29, 300-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.02.004
  9. Chow, Y.K. and Teh, C.I. (1991), "Pile-cap-pile-group interaction in non-homogeneous soil", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 117(11), 1655-68. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:11(1655)
  10. Chore, H.S., Ingle, R.K. and Sawant, V.A. (2014), "Non linear soil structure interaction of space frame-pile foundation-soil system", Struct. Eng. Mech., 49(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.49.1.095
  11. Curras, J.C., Boulanger, W.R., Kutter, B.L. and Wilson, D.W. (2001), "Dynamic experiments and analysis of a Pile-Group-Supported Structure", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 127(7), 585-96. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(585)
  12. Dobry, R. and Gazetas, G. (1988), "Simplified method for dynamic stiffness and damping of floating pile group", Geotechnique, 38(4), 557-74. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1988.38.4.557
  13. Dode, P.A., Chore, H.S. and Agrawal, D.K. (2014) "Interaction analysis of a building frame supported on pile groups", Couple. Syst. Mech., 3(3), 305-318. https://doi.org/10.12989/csm.2014.3.3.305
  14. Dutta, S.C., Bhattacharya, K. and Roy, R. (2009), "Effect of flexibility of foundations on its seismic stress distribution", J. Earth. Eng., 13, 22-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802211974
  15. Eurocode 8-Part 1 (1998), "Design of structures for earthquake resistance", Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), UK.
  16. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 440 (2005), Improvement of Nonlinear Static Seismic Analysis Procedures, Washington, DC, USA.
  17. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 356 (2000), Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Washington, DC, USA.
  18. Gazetas, G. (1984), "Seismic response of end-bearing single piles", Soil Dyn. Earth. Eng., 3(2), 82-93.
  19. Gazetas, G. and Dobry, R. (1984), "Horizontal response of piles in layered soils'', J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 109(8), 1063-1081. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:8(1063)
  20. Gazetas G. (1991), "Formulas and charts for impedances of surface and embedded foundations", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 117(9), 1363-1381. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:9(1363)
  21. Gazetas, G. and Makris, N. (1991), "Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction. Part I: analysis of axial vibration", Earth. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 20, 115-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290200203
  22. Gazetas, G., Fan, K., Kaynia, A. and Kausel, E. (1991), "Dynamic interaction factors for floating pile groups", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 117(10), 1531-48. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:10(1531)
  23. Gazetas, G., Fan, K. and Kaynia, A. (1993), "Dynamic response of pile groups with different configurations", Soil Dyn. Earth. Eng., 12, 239-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(93)90061-U
  24. Gazetas, G. (1996), Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering-Case Studies, Simeon Publications, Athens. (in Greek)
  25. Guin, J. and Banerjee, P.K. (1998), "Coupled soil-pile-structure interaction analysis under seismic excitation", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 124(4), 434-44. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:4(434)
  26. Gazetas, G. and Mylonakis, G. (1998), "Seismic soil-structure interaction: new evidence and emerging issues", Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics 3: Proceedings of Speciality Conference ASCE, 1119-74.
  27. Ghosh, B. and Lubkowski, Z. (2007), "Modeling dynamic soil structure interaction under seismic loads", Ed. S. Bhattacharjee, Design of Foundations in Seismic Areas: Principles and Applications, NICEE, IIT Kanpur, India.
  28. Giannakou, A., Gerolymos, N., Gazetas, G., Tazoh, T. and Anastasopoulos, I. (2010), "Seismic behavior of batter piles: elastic response", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 136(9), 1187-1199. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000337
  29. Horikoshi, K. and Randolph, M.F. (1998), "A contribution to optimum design of piled rafts", Geotechnique, 48(3), 301-17. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1998.48.3.301
  30. Hutchinson, T.C., Chai, Y.H., Boulanger, R.W. and Idriss, I.M. (2004), "Inelastic Seismic Response of Extended Pile-Shaft-Supported Bridge Structures", Earthq. Spectra, 20(4), 1057-80. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1811614
  31. IS:1893-Part I (2002), "Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
  32. IS: 1893 (1984), "Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
  33. Japan Road Association, JSCE (2000), Earthquake resistant design codes in Japan - 1996 Seismic design specifications of Highway bridges, Japan.
  34. Jeremic, B., Kunnath, S. and Xiong, F. (2004), "Influence of soil-foundation-structure interaction on seismic response of the I-880 viaduct", Int. J. Eng. Struct., 26(3), 391-402.
  35. Kagawa, T. and Kraft, M.L. (1980), "Lateral load-deflection relationships of piles subjected to dynamic loadings", Soil. Found., 20(4), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.20.4_19
  36. Kaynia, A.M. and Kausel, E. (1992), "Dynamic behavior of pile groups", Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Numerical Methodes In Offshore Piling, Prustin, Texas.
  37. Kaynia, A.M. and Mahzooni, S. (1996), "Forces in pile foundations under seismic loading", J. Eng. Mech., 122(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1996)122:1(46)
  38. Liang, F.Y. and Chen, L.Z. (2004), "A modified variational approach for the analysis of piled raft foundation", Mech. Res. Commun., 31, 593-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2004.03.003
  39. Liyanapathirana, D.S. and Poulos, H.G. (2005), "Seismic lateral response of piles in liquefying soil", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 131(12), 1466-79. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:12(1466)
  40. Makris, N. and Gazetas, G. (1992), "Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction. Part II: lateral and seismic response", Earth. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 21, 145-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290210204
  41. Maravas, A., Mylonakis, G. and Karabalis, D. (2007), "Dynamic characteristics of simple structures on piles and footings", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece.
  42. Mylonakis, G. and Gazetas, G. (2000), "Seismic soil-structure interaction: beneficial or detrimental?", J. Earth. Eng., 4(3), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460009350372
  43. Mandal, B., Roy R. and Dutta, S.C. (2012), "Lateral capacity of piles in layered soil: a simple approach", Struct. Eng. Mech., 44(5), 571-584. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.44.5.571
  44. Naggar, M.H.E., Shayanfar, M.A., Kimiaei, M. and Aghakouchak, A.A. (2005), "Simplified BNWF model for nonlinear seismic response analysis of offshore piles with nonlinear input ground motion analysis", Can. Geotech. J., 42, 365-80. https://doi.org/10.1139/t04-103
  45. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHPR) 461 (2001), "Static and Dynamic lateral loading of pile groups", Washington, DC, USA.
  46. Nikolaou, S., Mylonakis, G., Gazetas, G. and Tazoh, T. (2001), "Kinematic pile bending during earthquakes: analysis and field Measurements", Geotechnique, 51(5), 425-40. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.5.425
  47. Novak, M. (1974), "Dynamic stiffness and damping of piles", Can. Geotech. J., 11, 574-98. https://doi.org/10.1139/t74-059
  48. Ohsaki, Y and Iwasaki, R. (1973), "On dynamic shear moduli and Poisson's ratio of soil deposits", Soil. Found., 13(4), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.13.4_61
  49. Poulos, H.G. (2001), "Piled raft foundations: design and applications", Geotechnique, 51(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.51.2.95.40292
  50. Parmelee, R.A., Perelman, D.S. and Lee, S.L. (1969), "Seismic response of multistorey structures on flexible foundations", Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 3, 1061-70.
  51. Pender, J.M. and Satyawan, P. (1996), "Gapping effects during cyclic lateral loading of piles in clay", Proceedings of the World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Mexico.
  52. Prakash, S. and Puri, V.K. (1988), Foundation for Machines: Analysis and Design, Willey, New York.
  53. Roesset, J.M. and Angelides, D. (1980), "Dynamic stiffness of piles", Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Institute of Civil Engineers, 75-81.
  54. Rovithis, E., Pitilakis, N.K.D. and Mylonakis, G.E. (2009), "Seismic analysis of coupled soil-pile-structure systems leading to the definition of a pseudo-natural SSI frequency", Soil Dyn. Earth. Eng., 29, 1005-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.11.005
  55. Roy, R. and Dutta, S.C. (2010), "Inelastic seismic demand of low-rise buildings with soil-flexibility", Int. J. Nonlin. Mech., 45, 419-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.12.014
  56. Saha, R., Dutta, S.C. and Haldar, S. (2013), "Seismic response of soil-pile foundation-structure system", J. Civil Eng. Manag. (in Press)
  57. Saha, R., Tayal, S., Kumar, R., Dutta, S.C., Haldar, S. (2012), "Effect of Non-linear behavior of soil on seismic response of soil-pile foundation-structure system", Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering and 4thAsian Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, March.
  58. Stewart, J.P., Fenves, G.L. and Seed, R.B. (1999), "Seismic soil-structure interaction in buildings. I: Analytical methods", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 125(1), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(26)
  59. Tabesh, A. and Poulos, H.G. (2001), "Pesudostatic approach for Seismic analysis of Single Piles", J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng., ASCE, 127(9), 757-65. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:9(757)
  60. Tajimi, H. (1969), "Dynamic analysis of a structure embedded in an elastic stratum", Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Chile.
  61. Yangcai, H. (2002), "Seismic response of tall building considering soil-pile-structure interaction", Earth. Eng. Eng. Vib., 1(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-002-0008-y
  62. UBC (1997), Uniform Building Code, Volume 2, Structural Engineering Design Provisions, 3rd Printing, International Conference of Building Officials, USA.

피인용 문헌

  1. Shaking table test and theoretical analysis of the pile-soil-structure interaction at a liquefiable site vol.27, pp.15, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1513
  2. Numerical modelling of a pile-supported embankment using variable inertia piles vol.61, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.2.245
  3. Bearing capacity of micropiled-raft system vol.63, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.3.417
  4. Evaluation of ASCE 61-14 NSPs for the estimation of seismic demands in marginal wharves vol.69, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.69.1.095
  5. Study on large tonnage pile foundation load test system and field test of long rock-socketed pile vol.21, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.6.565
  6. Influence of soil-structure interaction on the dynamic response of continuous and integral bridge subjected to moving loads vol.8, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2019.1632753
  7. Three-dimensional numerical analysis on seismic behavior of soil-piled raft-structure system vol.28, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.09.024
  8. Development of Lateral Capacity-Based Envelopes of Piled Raft Foundation under Combined V-M-H Loading vol.21, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002023