Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회논문지)

Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회)
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Vertical Evacuation Speed in Stairwell of a High-rise Office Building

업무용 고층건물 계단실의 보행속도에 관한 연구

  • 정석환 (서울시립대학교 재난과학과) ;
  • 윤명오 (서울시립대학교 재난과학과)
  • Received : 2015.04.06
  • Accepted : 2015.06.12
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

As building height is increased, more careful decisions about the required safe egress time is needed for evacuation. This study analyzed the influence of three training sessions on the vertical speed of evacuation in the high rise building. Evacuation experiments were done in a high-rise office building in Seoul, and we analyzed the vertical evacuation speed as a function of density using a camera. Controlled and uncontrolled total evacuation were compared using the Pathfinder simulation. The process of repeated training, changed the specific stair utilization rate from 6.3% to 39.5%. The vertical evacuation speed as a function of density was analyzed using the equation s = 1.004 ? 0.288D, which is very similar to the equation used in a different study. The total evacuation time of the special controlled total evacuation was reduced by about 25% compared to the simultaneous evacuation.

초고층 건축물의 수직성 증가는 더 긴 최소피난시간(Required Safety Egress Time, RSET)을 요구하게 된다. 초고층건물에선 계단을 통한 수직이동이 피난경로 상의 대부분을 차지한다. 본 연구에서는 고층 건물에서 반복된 3번의 대피훈련을 시행하고, 영상분석을 통해 피난경로 선택의 변화와 계단실 내 수직 보행속도-밀도의 함수관계를 분석했다. 또한 Pathfinder 피난시뮬레이션을 이용하여 단계적 피난의 방법에 따른 총 피난시간의 변화와 실제 훈련의 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 반복적 피난훈련과 교육을 통해 특정 계단 이용률이 6.3%에서 39.5% 개선되었고, 각 피난경로별 피난시간도 단축됨을 확인하였다. 또한 계단실 내 수직 보행속도-밀도의 관계식이 기존의 연구결과와 매우 유사한 s = 1.004 ? 0.288D로 확인되었다. 단계적 피난의 방법에 따라 전층 동시피난에 비해 총 피난시간이 25% 이상 변화할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

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