DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Air Temperature on Growth and Phytochemical Content of Beet and Ssamchoo

온도처리가 비트와 쌈추의 생육과 생리활성 물질 함량에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Sang Gyu (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Chang Sun (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Hee Ju (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Jang, Yoon Ah (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jun Gu (Department of Horticulture, Chonbuk National University)
  • 이상규 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 최장선 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이희주 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 장윤아 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이준구 (전북대학교 원예학과)
  • Received : 2014.04.02
  • Accepted : 2014.11.02
  • Published : 2015.06.30

Abstract

The consumption of leaf vegetables has been steadily increasing in Korea. Leaf vegetables are used for "Ssam (vegetable wrap-up), eaf vegetables has been steadily increasing in Korea. Leaf vegetables are used for asoned condiments inside several layers of young vegetable leaves. This study investigated the effect of air temperature on the growth and phytochemical contents of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Ssamchoo (Brassica lee L. ssp. namai) grown in a closed-type plant factory system where fluorescent lamps were used as an artificial light source. Seeds of beet and Ssamchoo were sown in a peat-lite germination mix. The roots of 20-day-old seedlings were washed, and the seedlings were planted on a styrofoam board and grown in hydroponic beds for 25 days under fluorescent light. Plants were exposed to one of three different air temperature regimes (20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ during the day combined with $18^{\circ}C$ during the night), which were monitored with a sensor at 30 cm above the plant canopy. Increased plant height and leaf area were observed in beet at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ compared to $20^{\circ}C$. For Ssamchoo, the greatest plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight were obtained at $20^{\circ}C$. Ascorbic acid content of beet and Ssamchoo leaves were highest at $30^{\circ}C$. In beet, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were higher at $20^{\circ}C$ (42.4, $197.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) and $25^{\circ}C$ (46.9, $217.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) than $30^{\circ}C$ (22.4, $88.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$). In Ssamchoo, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also higher at $20^{\circ}C$ (79.2, $268.2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) and $25^{\circ}C$ (66.3, $258.3mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$), respectively, than $30^{\circ}C$ (53.7, $134.7mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$). Hence, the optimum temperature appears to be $20^{\circ}C$ for growing both beet and Ssamchoo in a closed-type plant factory system with fluorescent light.

쌈채소는 웰빙시대의 도래와 더불어 식생활에서 큰 변화를 주었고, 소비량이 계속적으로 증가하고 있다. 지금까지 국내에서는 배추, 상추 등 일부 채소 작물에 대한 쌈문화가 발달해 왔지만 최근 들어 다양한 종류의 쌈채소와 재배기술에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 인공 광원으로 형광등을 이용하여 식물공장내에서 비트와 쌈추의 수량과 품질을 향상시키고자 수행하였다. 처리는 식물공장내 식물체로부터 30cm 위치에 자동센서를 설치하여 온도가 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$가 유지 되도록 하였고, 광량은 $200{\mu}mol{\pm}20{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 고정하고 일장은 주야간이 12/12hr, 상대 습도 50-80%로 하였다. 모든 처리구의 근권부 전기전도도(EC)는 $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 공급하였으며 재배기간 pH는 6.1-7.2로 유지되었다. 그 결과 비트의 초장과 엽면적은 온도가 높았던 $25^{\circ}C$$30^{\circ}C$ 처리구가 $20^{\circ}C$ 처리구보다 높았고, 쌈추의 경우도 온도가 높았던 처리구에서 초장, 엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중이 유의적으로 높았다. 식물체 잎의 총 페놀 함량은 비트의 경우, $20^{\circ}C$$25^{\circ}C$ 처리구가 각각 42.4와 $46.9mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$$30^{\circ}C$ 처리구의 $22.4mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$보다 2배이상 높았고, 쌈추의 경우도 $20^{\circ}C$ 처리구가 $79.2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$로 가장 높았고, $30^{\circ}C$ 처리구가 $53.7mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$로 가장 낮아 두 작물 모두 온도가 낮았던 $20^{\circ}C$ 처리구가 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 식물체 잎의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 두 작물 모두 총 페놀 함량과 비슷한 경향으로 온도가 낮은 $20^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 인공광 이용형 식물공장에서 생육과 기능성 물질 함량은 반비례 관계를 나타내고 있어 기능성 물질 함량이 높은 비트와 쌈추를 생산하고자 할 때에는 생육 온도를 $20^{\circ}C$ 정도로 관리하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 향후 생육 단계에 따른 변온관리 방법, LED와 형광등 병용이용 시스템 적용 등으로 수량성에 대한 추가적인 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, P. and L.C. Holder. 1992. The susceptibility of modem tomato cultivars to blossom end rot in relation to salinity. J. Hortic. Sci. 67:827-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1992.11516315
  2. Choi, K.Y., E.Y. Yang, D.K. Park, Y.C. Kim. T.C. Seo, H.K. Yun, and H.D. Seo. 2005. Development of nutrient solution for hydroponics of cruciferae leaf vegetables based on nutrientwater absorption rate and the cation ratio. J. Bio-Env. Con. 144:289-297 (in Korean).
  3. Davey, M.W., M. Van Montagu, D. Inze, M. Sanmartin, A. Kanellis, N. Smirnoff, I. Benzie, J. Strain, D. Favell, J. Fletcher. 2000. Plant L-ascorbic acid: chemistry, function, metabolism, bioavailability and effects of processing. J. Sci. Food Agric., 80:825-860. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<825::AID-JSFA598>3.0.CO;2-6
  4. Dixon, R.A. and N.L. Paiva. 1995. Stress-induced phenyl-propanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7:1085-1097. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1085
  5. Gutfinger, T. 1981. Polyphenols olive oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 58:966-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659771
  6. Jang, Y.S. 2005. The automatic system of plant factory. Res. Ext. 46:44-47.
  7. Kang, H.M. and I.S. Kim. 2007. Effect of nutrient solution composition modification on the internal quality of some of leaf vegetable in hydroponics. J. Bio-Env. Con. 16:348-351 (in Korean).
  8. Kim, J.H. 2009. The present state and future of plant factory. Res. of KREI 61:1-19.
  9. Lattanzio, V. 2003. Bioactive polyphenols: Their role in quality and storability of fruit and vegetables. J. Appl. Bot. 77:128-146.
  10. Lee, J.G., S.S. Oh, S.H. Cha, Y.A. Jang, S.Y. Kim, Y.C. Um, and S.R. Cheong. 2010. Effects of red/blue light ratio and short-term light quality conversion on growth and anthocyanin contents of baby leaf lettuce. J. Bio-Env. Con. 19:351-359 (in Korean).
  11. Lee, Y.B., Y.H. Jin, S.S. Jo, and C.E. Lee. 2000. Lettuce production in factory-style plant production system. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 18:178. (Abstr.)
  12. Lo Piero, A.R., I. Puglisi, P. Rapisarda, and G. Petrone. 2005. Anthocyanins accumulation and related gene expression in red orange fruit induced by low temperature storage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:9083-9088. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051609s
  13. Moreno, M.I.N., M.I. Isla, A.R. Sampietro, and M.A. Vattuone. 2000. Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several region of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol. 71:109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00189-0
  14. Oh, M.M., H.N. Trick, and C.B. Rajashekar. 2009. Secondary metabolism and antioxidants are involved in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance in lettuce. J. Plant Physiol. 166:180-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.04.015
  15. Park, K.W., M.H. Chiang, J.H. Won, and K.H. Jang. 1995. The growth pattern of Chinese leaf vegetables by nutrient solution temperature. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 36:608-613.
  16. Park, J.E., Y.G. Park, B.R. Jeong, and S.J. Hwang. 2012. Growth and anthocyanin content of lettuce as affected by artificial light source and photoperiod in a closed type production system. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 30:673-679.
  17. Rajashekar, C.B., E.E. Carey, X. Zhao, and M.M. Oh. 2009. Health-promoting phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables: Impact of abiotic stresses and crop production practices. Functional Plant Sci. Biotechnol. 3:30-38.
  18. Raskin, L., D.M. Ribnicky, S. Komarnytsky, N. Llic, A. Poulev, N. Borisjuk, A. Brinker, D.A. Moreno, C. Ripoll, N. Yakoby, J.M. OJ.M. OD.A. Moreno, C. Ripoll, N. YakobFridlender. 2002. Plants and human health in the twenty-frist century. Trends Biotechnol. 20:522-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(02)02080-2
  19. Rivero, R.M., J.M. Ruiz, P.C. GarcMa, L.R. La, L.R. M., E. SR. M. Ruiz, P.C. -53 2001. Resistance to cold and heat stress: accumulation of phenolic compounds in tomato and watermelon plants. Plant Sci. 160:315-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00395-2
  20. Schonhof, I., H.P. KlI., H, A. Krumbein, W. Clau Cl, and M. Schreiner. 2007. Effect of temperature increase under low radiation conditions on phytochemicals and ascorbic acid in greenhouse grown broccoli. Agric., Ecosyst. Environ. 119:103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.018
  21. Seo, T.C., H.K. Yun, and C.H. Zhang. 2006. Effect of surfactant addition on Ge absorption and growth of pak-choi and lettuce in DFT culture. J. Bio-Env. Con. 15: 130-135 (in Korean).
  22. Son, K.H., J.H. Park, D.I. Kim, and M.M. Oh. 2012. Leaf shape index, growth, and phytochemicals in two leaf lettuce cultivars grown under monochromatic light-emitting diodes. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 30:664-672.
  23. Thompson, H.C., R.W. Langhan, A.J. Both, and L.D. Albright. 1998. Shoot and root temperature effects on lettuce growth in a floating hydroponic system. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 123:361-364.
  24. Um, Y.C., S.S. Oh, J.G. Lee, S.Y. Kim, and Y.A. Jang. 2010. The development of container-type plant factory and growth of leafy vegetables as affected by different light source. J. Bio-Env. Con. 19:333-342 (in Korean).
  25. Yun, H.K., C.H. Zhang, T.C. Seo, and J.W. Lee. 2006. Effect of selenium application concentration and periods on growth in garlic. J. Bio-Env. Con. 15:346-351 (in Korean).

Cited by

  1. Evaluating the effects of a newly developed nutrient solution on growth, antioxidants, and chicoric acid contents in Crepidiastrum denticulatum vol.57, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-016-1060-2
  2. 피복물 종류에 따른 더덕의 생육 및 항산화 물질 비교 vol.24, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2016.24.3.183
  3. LED와 QD-LED(Quantum Dot) 광처리가 적무 새싹의 생산과 품질에 미치는 영향 vol.28, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2019.28.3.265