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The Quality Properties of Rapidly Fermented Mukeun (Long-Term Fermented) Kimchi with Different Salinity and Fermented Temperature

염도와 발효온도를 달리하여 제조한 단기 숙성 묵은 김치의 품질특성

  • Ko, Myeong-Sin (Dept. of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Hur, Sung-Won (Dept. of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ran (Dept. of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Jung, Seo-Jin (Dept. of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Lee, Hyeran (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Baewha Women's University) ;
  • Cho, Mi-Sook (Dept. of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University)
  • 고명신 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 허성원 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미란 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정서진 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이혜란 (배화여자대학교 식품영양과) ;
  • 조미숙 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2014.12.15
  • Accepted : 2015.05.31
  • Published : 2015.06.30

Abstract

We conducted a study on mukeun (long-term fermented) kimchi ripened over one year in an attempt to develop an alternative salt and improve the quality of low-salt kimchi. However, few studies have focused on mukeun kimchi that has been fermented for a short time in different salinity conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics that occur during the fermentation of mukeun kimchi samples produced with different conditions of salinity and fermentation temperature. Kimchi samples were produced at 3 different salinity levels: 1.6%, 2.4%, and 3.2%. Previous studies revealed that the optimum fermentation time at pH 4.1 was 128 hours at $18^{\circ}C$ and 417 hours at $12^{\circ}C$; furthermore, the samples were stored for 12 weeks under the condition of $-1^{\circ}C$ after fermentation. Total cell increased on week 0 of storage and decreased according to the storage period. Total cell was the highest at 3.2% salinity and had a high value at $18^{\circ}C$ temperature during the storage period. Based on the physiochemical results, mukeun kimchi at a salinity of 3.2% can be fermented for a short time, and low-salt kimchi at a salinity of 1.6% and fermented at $18^{\circ}C$, is similar to mukeun kimchi at 2.4% salinity.

묵은 김치의 높은 염도와 장기간 저장에 따른 단점을 해소하기 위해 염도와 발효온도를 다르게 하여 제조한 김치를 단기간 숙성하여 묵은 김치의 독특한 풍미와 조직감을 유지하는 묵은 김치 숙성방법의 기초를 제공하고자 하였다. 묵은 김치의 염도 변화는 발효 후 저장 0주차에 증가하였다가 이후 저장기간 동안 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 시료의 초기염도에 따라 저장기간 중 염도 변화가 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 발효온도에 따른 차이는 저장 6주차까지 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 저장 12주차에는 1.6% 염도의 경우 $12^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 시료가 $18^{\circ}C$의 시료보다 높은 염도를 나타냈고, 2.4% 염도의 시료와 3.2% 염도의 시료에서는 발효온도가 낮을수록 염도의 감소 속도가 빨랐다. pH는 발효 후 저장 0주차에 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 염도가 높을수록 pH가 비교적 높게 나타났고, 저장기간이 늘어남에 따라 발효온도가 높을수록 pH의 값이 높게 나타났다. 산도는 발효 후 저장 0주차에 유의적으로 증가한 뒤 염도와 발효온도에 따라 변화하였다. 산도는 염도가 낮을수록 유의적으로 높은 산도를 나타냈고, 발효온도에 따른 산도의 변화는 발효 후 저장 0주차 때 발효온도가 높을수록 산도가 높게 나타났지만, 저장기간 중 발효온도에 따른 산도는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.001). 경도는 발효 후 저장 0주차에 감소한 뒤 염도와 발효온도에 따라 변화하였고(p<0.05), 저장 6주차까지 3.2% 염도의 시료에서 경도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 두께의 변화는 저장기간과 염도에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았고, 발효온도에 따라 $12^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 시료보다 $18^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 시료에서 두께의 값이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 총균수는 발효 후 저장 0주차에 유의적으로 증가하여 7.18~8.89 logCFU/mL 사이의 높은 값을 나타냈고, 이후 저장기간에 따라 감소하였다(p<0.001). 염도에 따른 총균수는 H시료에서 가장 높았고, 발효온도에 따른 총균수의 차이는 발효 후 저장 0주차에 $12^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 시료가 높은 값을 나타냈지만, 이후 저장 기간 동안 $18^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 시료에서 높은 값을 보였다.

Keywords

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