Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society (한국지반공학회논문집)

Korean Geotechnical Society (한국지반공학회)
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Relationship between Hydraulic Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity in Sands

사질토의 투수계수와 전기전도도 간의 상관관계

  • Kim, Jinwook (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engrg., Korea Univ.) ;
  • Choo, Hyunwook (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engrg., Korea Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Changho (Dept. of Marine and Civil Engrg., Chonnam National Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Woojin (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engrg., Korea Univ.)
  • 김진욱 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부) ;
  • 추현욱 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부) ;
  • 이창호 (전남대학교 해양토목공학과) ;
  • 이우진 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부)
  • Received : 2015.04.24
  • Accepted : 2015.06.09
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to suggest a semi-empirical equation for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of sands using geoelectrical measurements technique. The suggested formula is based on the original Kozeny-Carman equation; therefore varying factors affecting the Kozeny-Carman equation were selected as the testing variables, and six different sands with varying particle sizes and particle shapes were used as the testing materials in this study. To measure both hydraulic and electrical conductivities, a series of constant head permeameter tests equipped with the four electrodes conductivity probe was conducted. Test results reveal that the effects of both pore water conductivity and flow rate in relation between hydraulic conductivity and formation factor (=pore water conductivity / measused conductivity of soil) of tested materials are negligible. However, because the variations of hydraulic conductivity of the tested sands according to particle sizes are significant, the estimated hydraulic conductivity using the formation factor varies with particle sizes. The overall comparison between the measured hydraulic conductivity and the estimated hydraulic conductivity using the suggested formula shows a good agreement, and the variation of hydraulic conductivity with varying Archie's m exponents is smaller compared with varying porosities.

본 연구에서는 이론적 고찰을 통해 Kozeny-Carman식을 변형하여 전기전도도 측정을 통한 사질토의 투수계수 추정식을 제안하였다. 제안된 예측식에 대한 실험적 검증을 위해 6종류의 사질토에 대하여 4개의 전극을 설치한 정수위 투수시험을 실시하였으며, 다양한 변수들 하에 시험을 진행하였다. 시험 결과, 사질토에서 흙 입자 표면을 통한 전기전도는 미미하였으며, 간극수의 전기전도도가 투수계수와 formation facotor에 미치는 영향은 제한적이었다. 흙 입자의 유효입경이 formation factor에 미치는 영향은 미미하였으나 투수계수에는 큰 영향을 주었다. 제안된 식을 활용하여 투수계수를 예측하기 위해서는 형상계수와 Archie's m에 대한 정보가 필요하여 error norm방법을 사용해 형상계수를 구하였다. 또한, 간극률을 변화시키며 측정된 formation factor를 사용하여 Archie's m을 구하였다. formation factor를 사용하여 계산한 투수계수를 측정값과 같이 도시한 결과, 계산된 투수계수는 측정된 투수계수와 유사한 값을 보여주었다. 기존 Kozeny-Carman식과 본 연구에서 제안하는 전기전도도를 이용한 투수식 간의 정량적인 비교를 위해, 정규화된 투수계수를 사용하여 형상계수, Archie's m, 간극률에 따른 정규화된 투수계수의 변화를 비교한 결과, 형상계수와 Archie's m의 변화에 따른 정규화된 투수계수의 변화 폭에 비해, 간극률의 변화에 따른 정규화된 투수계수는 매우 큰 폭으로 변하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안하는 전기전도도를 이용한 투수계수 예측식이 기존 Kozeny-Carman식보다 더 높은 신뢰도를 보일 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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