Structural Monitoring and Maintenance

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Damage detection of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with FRP jackets by using PZT sensors

  • Tzoura, Efi A. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras) ;
  • Triantafillou, Thanasis C. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras) ;
  • Providakis, Costas (Department of Architectural Engineering, Technical University of Crete) ;
  • Tsantilis, Aristomenis (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras) ;
  • Papanicolaou, Corina G. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras) ;
  • Karabalis, Dimitris L. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras)
  • Received : 2014.08.29
  • Accepted : 2015.05.20
  • Published : 2015.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper lead zirconate titanate transducers (PZT) are employed for damage detection of four reinforced concrete (RC) column specimens retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets. A major disadvantage of FRP jacketing in RC members is the inability to inspect visually if the concrete substrate is damaged and in such case to estimate the extent of damage. The parameter measured during uniaxial compression tests at random times for known strain values is the real part of the complex number of the Electromechanical Admittance (Conductance) of the sensors, obtained by a PXI platform. The transducers are placed in specific positions along the height of the columns for detecting the damage in different positions and carrying out conclusions for the variation of the Conductance in relation to the position the failure occurred. The quantification of the damage at the concrete substrate is achieved with the use of the root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) index, which is evaluated for the corresponding strain values. The experimental results provide evidence that PZT transducers are sensitive to damage detection from an early stage of the experiment and that the use of PZT sensors for monitoring and detecting the damage of FRP-retrofitted reinforced concrete members, by using the Electromechanical Admittance (EMA) approach, can be a highly promising method.

Keywords

References

  1. Akuthota, B., Hughes, D., Zoughi, R., Myers, J. and Nanni, A. (2004), "Near field microwave detection of disbond in fiber reinforced polymer composites used for strengthening concrete structures and disbond repair verification", J. Mater. Civil Eng.-ASCE, 16(6), 540-546. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(540)
  2. Bhalla, S. and Soh, C.K. (2003), "Structural impedance damage diagnosis by piezo-transducers", J. Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 32, 1897-1916. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.307
  3. Bhalla, S. and Soh, C.K. (2004), "Health monitoring by piezo-impedance transducers I: modeling", J. Aerospace Eng., 17, 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2004)17:4(154)
  4. Davor, M. and Richard, M., (1998), "Thermal imaging technique to detect delamination in CFRP plated concrete", SPI proceedings, 3396, 22-27.
  5. Dow Corning commercial site, http://www.dowcorning.com/
  6. EN 2561 (1995), Carbon fibre reinforced plastics-Unidirectional laminates-Tensile test parallel to the fibre direction, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
  7. Giurgiutiu, V., Harries, K.A., Petrou, M.F., Bost, J. and Quattlebaum, J. (2003), "Disbond detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors in RC structures strengthened with FRP composite overlays", J. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 2(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-003-0005-9
  8. Giurgiutiu, V. and Xu, B. (2004), "Development of a field-portable small-size impedance analyzer for structural health monitoring using the electromechanical impedance technique", Proc. SPIE 5391, Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, andAerospace Systems, doi: 10.1117/12.541343.
  9. Kim, S.D., In, C.W., Cronin, K.E., Sohn, H. and Harries, K.A. (2007), "A reference-free NDT technique for debonding detection in CFRP strengthened RC structures", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 8, 1080-1091.
  10. Kim, S.B., Kim, J.H., Nam, J.W., Kang, S.H. and Byeon, K.J. (2008), "Bond-slip model of interface between CFRP sheets and concrete beams strengthened with CFRP", Korea Concrete Institute, 20(4), 477-486. https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2008.20.4.477
  11. Liang, C., Sun, F.P. and Rogers, C.A. (1994), "Coupled Electro-mechanical analysis of adaptive material systems determination of the actuator power consumption and system energy transfer", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 5(1), 15-20.
  12. Oehlers, D.J. (2006), "Ductility of FRP plated flexural members", Cement Concrete Comp., 28(10), 898-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.07.006
  13. Overly, T.G., Park, G., Farinholt, K.M. and Farrar, C.R. (2009), "Piezoelectric active-sensor diagnostics and validation using instantaneous baseline data", IEEE Sens. J., 9, 1414-1421. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2009.2018351
  14. Park, S., Park, G., Yun, C.B. and Farrar, C.R. (2009), "Sensor self-diagnosis using a modified impedance model for active sensing-based structural health monitoring", J. Struct. Health Monit., 8, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921708094792
  15. Park, G., Farrar, C.R., Scalea, F.L. and Coccia, S. (2006a), "Performance assessment and validation of piezoelectric active-sensors in structural health monitoring", Smart Mater. Struct., 15(6), 1673. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/6/020
  16. Park, G., Farrar, C.R., Rutherford, A.C. and Robertson, A.N. (2006b), "Piezoelectric active sensor self-diagnostics using electrical admittance measurements", J. Vib. Acoust., 128(4), 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2202157
  17. Park S., Kim, J.W., Lee C. and Park, S.K. (2011), "Impedance-based wireless debonding condition monitoring of CFRP laminated concrete structures", NDT&E Int., 44, 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.10.006
  18. Peairs, D, Grisso, B., Inman, D., Page, K., Athman, R. and Margasahayam, R. (2003), "Proof-of-concept application of impedance-based health monitoring on space shuttle ground structures", NASA-TM-2003-211193.
  19. Providakis, C.P., Stefanaki, K.D., Voutetaki, M., Tsompanakis, J. and Stavroulaki, M. (2013), "Damage detection in concrete structures using a simultaneously activated multi-mode PZT active sensing system: Numerical modelling", Struct. Infrastruct. E., 10(11), 1451-1468. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2013.831908
  20. Saafi, M. and Sayyah, T. (2000), "Health monitoring of concrete structures strengthened with advanced composite materials using piezoelectric transducers", Composites: Part B, 32, 333-342.
  21. Triantafillou, T.C. (2001), "Seismic retrofitting of structures using FRPs", Progress Struct. Eng. Mater., 3(1), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.61
  22. Tseng, K.K.H. and Naidu, A.S.K. (2001), "Non-parametric damage detection and characterization using piezoceramic material", Smart Mater. Struct., 11, 317-329.
  23. Yang, Y., Hu, Y. and Lu, Y. (2008), "Sensitivity of PZT impedance sensors for damage detection of concrete structures", Sensors, 8, 327-346. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8010327

Cited by

  1. Modeling of the attenuation of stress waves in concrete based on the Rayleigh damping model using time-reversal and PZT transducers vol.26, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa80c2
  2. Hysteretic Behavior of Steel Reinforced Concrete Columns Based on Damage Analysis vol.9, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040687
  3. A PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance Method for Monitoring the Soil Freeze–Thaw Process vol.19, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051107
  4. Stress and damage localization monitoring in fiber-reinforced concrete using surface-mounted PZT sensors vol.31, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab466d
  5. Condition assessment of bridge pier using constrained minimum variance unbiased estimator vol.7, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2020.7.4.319