Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic responses of base-isolated buildings: efficacy of equivalent linear modeling under near-fault earthquakes

  • Alhan, Cenk (Department of civil Engineering, Istanbul University) ;
  • Ozgur, Murat (Department of civil Engineering, Istanbul University)
  • Received : 2013.09.03
  • Accepted : 2014.03.07
  • Published : 2015.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Design criteria, modeling rules, and analysis principles of seismic isolation systems have already found place in important building codes and standards such as the Uniform Building Code and ASCE/SEI 7-05. Although real behaviors of isolation systems composed of high damping or lead rubber bearings are nonlinear, equivalent linear models can be obtained using effective stiffness and damping which makes use of linear seismic analysis methods for seismic-isolated buildings possible. However, equivalent linear modeling and analysis may lead to errors in seismic response terms of multi-story buildings and thus need to be assessed comprehensively. This study investigates the accuracy of equivalent linear modeling via numerical experiments conducted on generic five-story three dimensional seismic-isolated buildings. A wide range of nonlinear isolation systems with different characteristics and their equivalent linear counterparts are subjected to historical earthquakes and isolation system displacements, top floor accelerations, story drifts, base shears, and torsional base moments are compared. Relations between the accuracy of the estimates of peak structural responses from equivalent linear models and typical characteristics of nonlinear isolation systems including effective period, rigid-body mode period, effective viscous damping ratio, and post-yield to pre-yield stiffness ratio are established. Influence of biaxial interaction and plan eccentricity are also examined.

Keywords

References

  1. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) (1999), Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design Washington, D.C.
  2. ASCE (2006), American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, Virginia, USA.
  3. Alhan, C. and Surmeli, M. (2011), "Shear building representations of seismically isolated buildings", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 9(5), 1643-1671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9293-z
  4. Alhan, C. and .ahin, F. (2011), "Protecting vi bration-sensitive contents: an investigation of floor accelerations in seismically isolated buildings", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 9(4), 1203-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-010-9236-0
  5. Cardone, D., Palermo, G. and Dolce, M. (2010), "Direct displacement-based design of buildings wih different seismic isolation systems", J. Earthq. Eng., 14(2),163-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460903086036
  6. Chapra, S.C. and Raymond, C. (2002), Numerical Methods for Engineers: With software and programming applications, New York (NY), McGraw-Hill.
  7. Dall'Asta, A. and Ragni, L. (2008), "Dynamic systems with high damping rubber: Nonlinear behavior and linear approximation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 37(13), 1511-1526. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.825
  8. Dicleli, M. and Buddaram, S. (2006), "Improved effective damping equation for equivalent linear analysis of seismic-isolated bridges", Earthq. Spectra, 22(1), 29-46. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2150187
  9. Dicleli, M. and Buddaram, S. (2007a), "Equivalent linear analysis of seismic-isolated bridges subjected to near-fault ground motions with forward rupture directivity effect", Eng. Struct., 29(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.04.004
  10. Dicleli, M. Buddaram, S. (2007b), "Comprehensive evaluation of equivalent linear analysis method for seismic-isolated structures represented by sdof systems", Eng. Struct., 29(8), 1653-1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.09.013
  11. Franchin, P., Monti, G. and Pinto, P.E. (2001), "On the accuracy of simplified methods for the analysis of isolated bridges", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 30(3), 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.12
  12. Gueguen, P. (2012), "Experimental analysis of the seismic response of one base-isolation building according to different levels of shaking: example of the Martinique earthquake (2007/1129) Mw 7.3", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 10(4), 1285-1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9355-x
  13. Heaton, T.H., Hall, J.F., Wald, D.J. and Halling, M.W. (1995), "Response of high-rise and base-isolated buildings to a hypothetical Mw 7.0 blind trust earthquake", Science, 267, 206-211. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5195.206
  14. Hwang, J.S. (1996), "Evaluation of equivalent linear analysis methods of bridge isolation", J. Struct. Eng. -ASCE, 122(8), 972-976. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:8(972)
  15. Hwang, J.S. and Chiou, J.M. (1996), "An equivalent linear model of lead-rubber seismic isolation bearings", Eng. Struct., 18(7), 528-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00132-8
  16. Hwang, J.S. and Sheng, L.H. (1993), "Effective stiffness and equivalent damping of base-isolated bridges", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 119(10), 3094-3101. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:10(3094)
  17. Hwang, J.S. and Sheng, L.H. (1994), "Equivalent elastic seismic analysis of base-isolated bridges with lead-rubber bearings", Eng. Struct., 16(3), 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(94)90078-7
  18. Hwang, J.S., Sheng, L.H., and Gates, J.H. (1994), "Practical analysis of bridges on isolation bearings with bi-linear hystresis characteristics", Earthq. Spectra, 10(4), 705-727. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585794
  19. ICBO (1997), International Conference Building Officials, Uniform Building Code, Volume 2: Structural Engineering Provisions. Whitties, CA, USA.
  20. Jara, M. and Casas, J.R. (2006), "A direct displacement-based method for the seismic design of bridges on bi-linear isolation devices", Eng. Struct., 28(6), 869-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.10.016
  21. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2006) "Effect of fling step and forward directivity on seismic response of buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 22(2), 367-390. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2192560
  22. Kelly, J. (1999), "The role of damping in seismic isolation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 28(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199901)28:1<3::AID-EQE801>3.0.CO;2-D
  23. Kottegodai, N.T. and Rosso R. (1997), Statistics, Probability and Reliability for Civil and Environmental Engineers, New York (NY), McGraw Hill.
  24. Lakshmanan, N., Kumar, K.S., Sreekala, R., Muthumani, K., Guru, J. and Gopalakrishnan, N. (2008), "Experimental investigations on the seismic response of a base-isolated reinforced concrete frame model", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 22(5), 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2008)22:5(289)
  25. Liu, J.L. (2005), "Exact solution of nonlinear hysteretic responses using complex mode superposition method and its application to base-isolated structures", J. Eng. Mech. -ASCE, 131(3), 282-289. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:3(282)
  26. Marioni, A. (2009), "Seismic retrofitting of three important buildings in Italy and Turkey", Proceedings of ATC and SEI Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures, pg 892-904, San Francisco, CA, USA, 9-11 December.
  27. Matsagar, V.A. and Jangid, R.S. (2004), "Influence of isolator characteristics on the response of base-isolated structures", Eng. Struct., 26(12), 1735-1749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.06.011
  28. Naeim, F. and Kelly, J.M. (1999), Design of seismic isolated structures: From theory to practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  29. Nagarajaiah, S., Reinhorn, A.M. and Constantinou, M.C. (1991), 3D-Basis: Nonlinear dynamic analysis of three-dimensional base isolated structures: Part II, Techical Report NCEER-91-0005, National Center for Earthquake Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo.
  30. Nagarajaiah, S. and Xiaohong, S. (2000), "Response of base-isolated USC Hospital Building in Northridge Earthquake", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 126(10), 1177-1186. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:10(1177)
  31. Pan, P., Zamfirescu, D., Nakashima, M., Nakayasu, N. and Kashiwa, H. (2005), "Base-isolation design practice in Japan: Introduction to the Post-Kobe approach", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(1), 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350537
  32. PEER (2000), Peer Strong Motion Databank, University of California, Berkeley.
  33. http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/search.html. Accessed 15 November 2009.
  34. Ozgur, M. (2010), A comparison of seismic performances of linear and non-linear isolation systems, MSc Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Science, Istanbul University (in Turkish).
  35. Sarrazin, M., Moroni, O. and Roesset, J.M. (2005), "Evaluation of dynamic response characteristics of seismically isolated bridges in Chile", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 34(4-5), 425-448. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.443
  36. Sayani, P. and Ryan, K. (2009), "Evaluation of approaches to characterize seismic isolation system s for design", J. Earthq. Eng., 13(6), 835-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802715057
  37. Tsai, C.S., Lin Y., Chen, W. and Su, H.C. (2010), "Tri-directional shaking table tests of vibration sensitive equipment with static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 9(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-010-9009-4
  38. Turkington, D.H., Carr, A.J., Cooke, N. and Moss, P.J. (1989a), "Design methods for bridges on lead-rubber bearings", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 115(12), 3017-30030. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:12(3017)
  39. Turkington, D.H., Carr, A.J., Cooke, N. and Moss, P.J. (1989b), "Seismic design of bridges on lead-rubber bearings", J. Struct. Eng. -ASCE, 115(12), 3000-30016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:12(3000)
  40. York, K. and Ryan, K.L. (2008), "Distribution of lateral forces in base-isolated buildings considering isolation system nonlinearity", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(7), 1185-1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802003751

Cited by

  1. Seismic isolation performance sensitivity to potential deviations from design values vol.18, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.2.293
  2. Reliability-based design of semi-rigidly connected base-isolated buildings subjected to stochastic near-fault excitations vol.11, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.4.701
  3. Reliability-based optimal control of semi-rigid steel frames under simulated earthquakes using liquid column vibration absorbers vol.53, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/0305215x.2020.1743987