Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

The Korean Neurosurgical Society (대한신경외과학회)
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The Neuroprotective Effect of Kefir on Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

  • Guven, Mustafa (Department of Neurosurgery, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine) ;
  • Akman, Tarik (Department of Neurosurgery, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine) ;
  • Yener, Ali Umit (Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine) ;
  • Sehitoglu, Muserref Hilal (Department of Medical Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine) ;
  • Yuksel, Yasemin (Department of Histology and Embryology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine) ;
  • Cosar, Murat (Department of Neurosurgery, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine)
  • Received : 2014.08.20
  • Accepted : 2014.11.24
  • Published : 2015.05.28
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Abstract

Objective : The main causes of spinal cord ischemia are a variety of vascular pathologies causing acute arterial occlusions. We investigated neuro-protective effects of kefir on spinal cord ischemia injury in rats. Methods : Rats were divided into three groups : 1) sham operated control rats; 2) spinal cord ischemia group fed on a standard diet without kefir pretreatment; and 3) spinal cord ischemia group fed on a standard diet plus kefir. Spinal cord ischemia was performed by the infrarenal aorta cross-clamping model. The spinal cord was removed after the procedure. The biochemical and histopathological changes were observed within the samples. Functional assessment was performed for neurological deficit scores. Results : The kefir group was compared with the ischemia group, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels was observed (p<0.05). Catalase and superoxide dismutase levels of the kefir group were significantly higher than ischemia group (p<0.05). In histopathological samples, the kefir group is compared with ischemia group, there was a significant decrease in numbers of dead and degenerated neurons (p<0.05). In immunohistochemical staining, hipoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ and caspase 3 immunopositive neurons were significantly decreased in kefir group compared with ischemia group (p<0.05). The neurological deficit scores of kefir group were significantly higher than ischemia group at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusion : Our study revealed that kefir pretreatment in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration as a neuroprotective agent. Ultrastructural studies are required in order for kefir to be developed as a promising therapeutic agent to be utilized for human spinal cord ischemia in the future.

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References

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