Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of viscous dampers on yielding mechanisms of RC structures during earthquake

  • Received : 2014.09.14
  • Accepted : 2014.11.27
  • Published : 2015.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The yielding mechanisms of reinforced concrete (RC) structures are the main cause of the collapse of RC buildings during earthquake excitation. Nowadays, the application of earthquake energy dissipation devices, such as viscous dampers (VDs), is being widely considered to protect RC structures which are designed to withstand severe seismic loads. However, the effect of VDs on the formation of plastic hinges and the yielding criteria of RC members has not been investigated extensively, due to the lack of an analytical model and a numerical means to evaluate the seismic response of structures. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive investigation of how damper devices influence the yielding mechanisms of RC buildings subjected to seismic excitation. For this purpose, adapting the Newmark method, a finite element algorithm was developed for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete buildings equipped with VDs that are subjected to earthquake. A special finite element computer program was codified based on the developed algorithm. Finally, a parametric study was conducted for a three-story RC building equipped with supplementary VD devices, performing a nonlinear analysis in order to evaluate its effect on seismic damage and on the response of the structure. The results of this study showed that implementing VDs substantially changes the mechanism and formation of plastic hinges in RC buildings.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia

References

  1. Akhaveissy, A.H. and Desai, C.S. (2012), "Application of the DSC model for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 50, 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2011.09.001
  2. Athanassiadou, C. (2008), "Seismic performance of R/C plane frames irregular in elevation", Eng. Struct., 30(5), 1250-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.015
  3. Birely, A.C., Lowes, L.N. and Lehman, D.E. (2012), "A model for the practical nonlinear analysis of reinforced-concrete frames including joint flexibility", Eng. Struct., 34, 455-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.09.003
  4. Buyukozturk, O. and Connor, J.J. (1978), "Nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete under impulsive loading: Research status and needs", Nucl. Eng. Des., 50(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(78)90137-1
  5. Chandler, A. and Mendis, P. (2000), "Performance of reinforced concrete frames using force and displacement based seismic assessment methods", Eng. Struct., 22(4), 352-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00119-9
  6. Cruz, M.F. and Lopez, O.A. (2004), "Design of reinforced concrete frames with damage control", Eng. Struct., 26(14), 2037-2045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.01.002
  7. Constantinou, M. and Symans, M. (1993), "Experimental study of seismic response of buildings with supplemental fluid dampers", Struct. Des. Tall Build., 2(2), 93-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.4320020203
  8. de Lautour, O.R. and Omenzetter, P. (2009), "Prediction of seismic-induced structural damage using artificial neural networks", Eng. Struct., 31(2), 600-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.11.010
  9. Dong, P., Moss, P.J. and Carr, A.J. (2003), "Seismic structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete ductile framed structures", Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
  10. Erduran, E. (2008), "Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures on the estimation of torsional effects in low-rise frame buildings", Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2548-2558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.02.008
  11. Eurocode 8 (1998), Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1, 1998-1991.
  12. Faisal, A., Majid, T.A. and Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. (2013), "Investigation of story ductility demands of inelastic concrete frames subjected to repeated earthquakes", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 44, 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.08.012
  13. Faleiro, J., Oller, S. and Barbat, A. (2008), "Plastic-damage seismic model for reinforced concrete frames", Comput. Struct., 86(7), 581-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.08.007
  14. Ganjavi, B. and Hao, H. (2012), "A parametric study on the evaluation of ductility demand distribution in multi-degree-of-freedom systems considering soil-structure interaction effects", Eng. Struct., 43, 88-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.006
  15. Godinez-Dominguez, E.A. and Tena-Colunga, A. (2010), "Nonlinear behavior of code-designed reinforced concrete concentric braced frames under lateral loading", Eng. Struct., 32(4), 944-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.12.020
  16. Grassl, P. and Jirasek, M. (2006), "Damage-plastic model for concrete failure", Int. J. Solid. Struct., 43(22), 7166-7196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.06.032
  17. Habibi, A. and Izadpanah, M. (2012), "New method for the design of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames with damage control", Scientia Iranica, 19(2), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2012.02.007
  18. Habibi, A. and Moharrami, H. (2010), "Nonlinear sensitivity analysis of reinforced concrete frames", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 46(7), 571-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2010.02.005
  19. Hakim, S.J.S. and Razak, H.A. (2013), "Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for structural damage identification", Struct. Eng. Mech., 45(6), 779-802. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.45.6.779
  20. Hakim, S.J.S. and Razak, H.A. (2014), "Frequency response function-based structural damage identification using artificial neural networks-a review", Res. J. Appl. Sci., Eng. Technol., 7(9), 1750-1764.
  21. Hatzigeorgiou, G.D. and Liolios, A.A. (2010), "Nonlinear behaviour of RC frames under repeated strong ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(10), 1010-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.04.013
  22. Hejazi, F., Kojouri, S.J., Noorzaei, J., Jaafar, M., Thanoon, W. and Abdullah, A. (2011), "Inelastic seismic response of RC building with control system", Key Eng. Mater., 462, 241-246.
  23. Hejazi, F., Noorzaei, J., Jaafar, M. and Abdullah, A.A. (2009), "Earthquake analysis of reinforce concrete framed structures with added viscous dampers", Int. J. Appl. Sci., Eng. Technol., 5(4), 205-210.
  24. Hejazi, F., Zabihi, A. and Jaafar, M. (2014), "Development of elasto-plastic viscous damper finite element model for reinforced concrete frames", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 65, 284-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.008
  25. Hueste, M.B.D. and Bai, J.W. (2007), "Seismic retrofit of a reinforced concrete flat-slab structure: Part I- seismic performance evaluation", Eng. Struct., 29(6), 1165-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.07.023
  26. Hwang, J.S. (2002), "Seismic design of structures with viscous dampers", Int. Train. Progr. Seism. Des. Build. Struct.
  27. Inel, M. and Ozmen, H.B. (2006), "Effects of plastic hinge properties in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete buildings", Eng. Struct., 28(11), 1494-1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.01.017
  28. Jiang, H., Chen, L. and Chen, Q. (2011), "Seismic damage assessment and performance levels of reinforced concrete members", Procedia Eng., 14, 939-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.118
  29. Karayannis, C.G., Favvata, M.J. and Kakaletsis, D. (2011), "Seismic behaviour of infilled and pilotis RC frame structures with beam-column joint degradation effect", Eng. Struct., 33(10), 2821-2831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.006
  30. Kratzig, W.B. and Polling, R. (2004), "An elasto-plastic damage model for reinforced concrete with minimum number of material parameters", Comput. Struct., 82(15), 1201-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.002
  31. Lagaros, N.D. and Papadrakakis, M. (2012), "Neural network based prediction schemes of the non-linear seismic response of 3D buildings", Adv. Eng. Soft., 44(1), 92-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.05.033
  32. Lee, H.S. and Woo, S.W. (2002), "Seismic performance of a 3-story RC frame in a low-seismicity region", Eng. Struct., 24(6), 719-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00135-3
  33. Lee, J.Y., Kim, J.Y. and Oh, G.J. (2009), "Strength deterioration of reinforced concrete beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 31(9), 2070-2085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.03.009
  34. Lee, J.Y. and Watanabe, F. (2003), "Predicting the longitudinal axial strain in the plastic hinge regions of reinforced concrete beams subjected to reversed cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 25(7), 927-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00026-9
  35. Legeron, F., Paultre, P. and Mazars, J. (2005), "Damage mechanics modeling of nonlinear seismic behavior of concrete structures", J. Struct. Eng., 131(6), 946-955. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:6(946)
  36. Lu, Y. and Wei, J. (2008), "Damage-based inelastic response spectra for seismic design incorporating performance considerations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 28(7), 536-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.08.002
  37. Maheri, M.R. and Ghaffarzadeh, H. (2008), "Connection overstrength in steel-braced RC frames", Eng. Struct., 30(7), 1938-1948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.12.016
  38. Makris, N., Dargush, G. and Constantinou, M. (1993), "Dynamic analysis of generalized viscoelastic fluids", J. Eng. Mech., 119(8), 1663-1679. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1993)119:8(1663)
  39. Marante, M. and Florez-Lopez, J. (2002), "Model of damage for RC elements subjected to biaxial bending", Eng. Struct., 24(9), 1141-1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00044-5
  40. Massumi, A. and Absalan, M. (2013), "Interaction between bracing system and moment resisting frame in braced RC frames", Archiv. Civ. Mech. Eng., 13(2), 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2013.01.004
  41. Mata, P., Oller, S. and Barbat, A. (2008), "Dynamic analysis of beam structures considering geometric and constitutive nonlinearity", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 197(6), 857-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2007.09.013
  42. Mehanny, S. and El Howary, H. (2010), "Assessment of RC moment frame buildings in moderate seismic zones: Evaluation of Egyptian seismic code implications and system configuration effects", Eng. Struct., 32(8), 2394-2406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.014
  43. Mohr, S., Bairan, J.M. and Mari, A.R. (2010), "A frame element model for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures under shear and bending", Eng. Struct., 32(12), 3936-3954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.005
  44. Montuori, R., Nastri, E. and Piluso, V. (2013), "Theory of plastic mechanism control for the seismic design of braced frames equipped with friction dampers", Mech. Res. Commun.
  45. Nakhaei, M. and Ali Ghannad, M. (2008), "The effect of soil-structure interaction on damage index of buildings", Eng. Struct., 30(6), 1491-1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.04.009
  46. NARCBEEEDS (2012), Program Code for Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Equipped with Earthquake Energy Dissipation System, Copyright by University Putra, Malaysia.
  47. Newmark, N.M. (1959), "A method of computation for structural dynamics", Proc., ASCE, 85(3), 67-94.
  48. Oviedo, A., J.A., Midorikawa, M. and Asari, T. (2010), "Earthquake response of ten-story story-driftcontrolled reinforced concrete frames with hysteretic dampers", Eng. Struct., 32(6), 1735-1746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.025
  49. Ozel, A.E. and Guneyisi, E.M. (2011), "Effects of eccentric steel bracing systems on seismic fragility curves of mid-rise R/C buildings: A case study", Struct. Saf., 33(1), 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.09.001
  50. Park, Y.J. and Ang, A.H.S. (1985), "Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 111(4), 722-739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722)
  51. Rajeev, P. and Tesfamariam, S. (2012), "Seismic fragilities of non-ductile reinforced concrete frames with consideration of soil structure interaction", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 40, 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.04.008
  52. Sadjadi, R., Kianoush, M. and Talebi, S. (2007), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames", Eng. Struct., 29(9), 2365-2380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.11.029
  53. Sahoo, D.R. and Rai, D.C. (2013), "Design and evaluation of seismic strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete frames with soft ground story", Eng. Struct., 56, 1933-1944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.08.018
  54. Santoro, M.G. and Kunnath, S.K. (2013), "Damage-based RC beam element for nonlinear structural analysis", Eng. Struct., 49, 733-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.12.026
  55. Schnobrich, W. (1977), "Behavior of reinforced concrete structures predicted by the finite element method", Comput. Struct., 7(3), 365-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(77)90074-8
  56. Schultz, A.E. (1990), "Experiments on seismic performance of RC frames with hinging columns", J. Struct. Eng., 116(1), 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(125)
  57. Shinozuka, M., Wen, Y.K. and Casciati, F. (1990), "Seismic damage and damage-control design for RC frames", J. Intel. Mater. Syst. Struct., 1(4), 476-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X9000100407
  58. Soong, T.T. and Costantinou, M.C. (1994), Passive and active structural vibration control in civil engineering, Springer-Verlag New York, USA.
  59. Tabatabaiefar, H.R. and Massumi, A. (2010), "A simplified method to determine seismic responses of reinforced concrete moment resisting building frames under influence of soil-structure interaction", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(11), 1259-1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.05.008
  60. Tena-Colunga, A., Correa-Arizmendi, H., Luna-Arroyo, J.L. and Gatica-Aviles, G. (2008), "Seismic behavior of code-designed medium rise special moment-resisting frame RC buildings in soft soils of Mexico City", Eng. Struct., 30(12), 3681-3707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.026
  61. Thanoon, W. (1993), "Inelastic dynamic analysis of concrete frames under non-nuclear blast loading", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Roorkee, India.
  62. Thanoon, W.A., Paul, D., Jaafar, M.S. and Trikha, D. (2004), "Influence of torsion on the inelastic response of three-dimensional rc frames", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 40(5), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-874X(03)00099-4
  63. Wilkinson, S. and Hiley, R. (2006), "A non-linear response history model for the seismic analysis of highrise framed buildings", Comput. Struct., 84(5), 318-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2005.09.021
  64. Xue, Q., Wu, C.W., Chen, C.C. and Chen, K.C. (2008), "The draft code for performance-based seismic design of buildings in Taiwan", Eng. Struct., 30(6), 1535-1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.002
  65. Youssef, M., Ghaffarzadeh, H. and Nehdi, M. (2007), "Seismic performance of RC frames with concentric internal steel bracing", Eng. Struct., 29(7), 1561-1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.027
  66. Zhang, J., Zhang, Z. and Chen, C. (2010), "Yield criterion in plastic-damage models for concrete", Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 23(3), 220-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-9166(10)60024-9
  67. Zonta, D., Elgamal, A., Fraser, M. and Nigel Priestley, M. (2008), "Analysis of change in dynamic properties of a frame-resistant test building", Eng. Struct., 30(1), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.02.022