Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy (한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지)

The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy (한국해양환경•에너지학회)
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Distributions of Dissolved Pb and Cd in the Surface Water of East Sea, Korea

동해 표층수중 용존 Pb, Cd의 분포 특성

  • Yoon, Sang Chol (Fishery and Ocean Information Division, NFRDI) ;
  • Yoon, Yi Yong (Department of Health & Environment, Catholic Kwandong University)
  • 윤상철 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 윤이용 (가톨릭관동대학교 공과대학 보건환경학과)
  • Received : 2014.09.18
  • Accepted : 2015.03.10
  • Published : 2015.05.25
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Abstract

The distributions of Pb and Cd concentrations in the surface seawater of the East Sea were investigated during the R/V Lavrentyev cruise (July 2009) in which four transects from Russia shore to South were conducted to collect 26 surface water samples. The total dissolved concentrations of Pb and Cd were measured using ICP-MS (Perkin Elmer, DRC-e). In the coastal area, their concentrations of Russia shore (Pb, 0.08; Cd, 0.10 nM) were comparable for Cd but on the other hand, 6 times lower for Pb than Korea shore (Pb, 0.49; Cd, 0.11 nM). In the subregion, their concentrations of Warm region (Pb, 0.22; Cd, 0.01 nM) were about 1.7 times higher for Pb but 0.4 lower for Cd than Cold region (Pb, 0.13; Cd, 0.14 nM). The distributions of Pb and Cd concentrations were divided by lowest level at $10^{\circ}C$ of water temperature. Below $10^{\circ}C$, Pb and Cd concentrations increased when surface water temperatures decreased. Above $10^{\circ}C$, their concentrations increased with temperature, which showed highest concentrations in the Ulleung basin, directly influenced by flux from East Korean Warm Current and neighboring countrys (Korea and Japan). Specially, in the case of Pb, the concentrations decrease remarkablely with temperatures decrease from D10 directly influenced by flux from East Korean Warm Current, which shows highest Pb level. By comparing with other sea areas (Western Mediterranean, East Pacific), Pb concentrations in the East Sea were a little higher. The influence of East Korean Warm Current and neighboring countrys (Korea and Japan) may be relatively important. Therefore, the distribution of Cd may primarily be influenced by mixing of different water masses while the distribution of Pb may mainly be influenced by flux from East Korean Warm Current and atmospheric inputs. River inputs and interaction with particulate materials may also some roles for the distribution of these elements.

2009년 7월 3일부터 7월 27일까지 러시아 조사선 R/V Lavrentyev를 이용하여 러시아 연안으로부터 4개의 Line(D, R, E, A)을 따라 표층 30 m 수심의 시료를 26개 정점에서 채수하여 Pb와 Cd의 농도를 분석하였다. 해역별로 Pb와 Cd의 농도를 비교하면, 연안역에서는 러시아 연안(평균 Pb, 0.08; Cd, 0.10 nM )보다 우리나라 동해 연안의 농도(평균 Pb, 0.49; Cd, 0.11 nM)가 Pb의 경우 6.0배 높은 반면 Cd의 농도는 비슷하게 나타났으며, 난수역(평균 Pb, 0.22; Cd, 0.10 nM)은 냉수역(평균 Pb, 0.13; Cd, 0.14 nM)에 비해 Cd의 농도는 0.4배 낮은 반면, Pb의 농도는 약 1.7배 높게 나타났다. 또한 Pb와 Cd의 농도 분포는 표층 수온 $10^{\circ}C$를 기점으로 구분되는 특성을 보이고 있다. $10^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 수온이 감소함에 따라 농도가 증가하는 추세로 한류수의 농도가 주변 연안이나 외해의 해수보다 농도가 다소 높게 나타났으며, $10^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 온도가 증가함에 따라 농도가 증가하는 추세로서 대마난류와 인접국가(우리나라와 일본)의 직접적인 영향권에 있는 울릉분지에서 높은 농도를 보이고 있다. 특히 Pb의 경우, 고온의 대마난류가 유입되는 정점 D10을 최고점으로 고위도로 북상할수록 수온의 감소와 더불어 농도의 감소 현상이 두드러지게 나타났으며, 서지중해와 동태평양의 측정치보다 다소 높게 나타나서 대만난류를 통한 유입량과 우리나라와 일본으로부터 대기를 통한 전달량의 영향이 상대적으로 클 것으로 추론할 수 있다. 따라서 동해 표층수의 Cd농도 분포는 주로 동해에 존재하는 다양한 수괴의 혼합에 의해 영향을 받는 반면, Pb은 대기와 대마난류를 통한 전달량에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며, 기타 강물을 통한 유입과 유,무기성 입자물질과의 상호작용에 의해 결정될 것이다.

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