DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Floristic Study of Gyodongdo Island in Ganghwa-gun, Korea

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resource) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Yu (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resource) ;
  • Lee, Byoung Yoon (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resource) ;
  • Yoon, Chang-Young (Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shingyeong University)
  • Received : 2014.12.06
  • Accepted : 2015.04.14
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Gyodongdo island (Ganghwa-gun). The vascular plants from 11 field surveys were revealed to belong to a total of 629 taxa; 118 families, 364 genera, 561 species, 5 subspecies, 53 varieties, 7 forms and 3 hybrids. 184 taxa were the first records from this region. The plants in Gyodongdo island are composed of the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer-mixed forests which are the common ones in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants such as Clematis brachyura Maxim., Viola seoulensis Nakai, Populus ${\times}$ tomentiglandulosa T. B. Lee, Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai and Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai were collected. Endangered wild plants designated by the law called 'Protection Law for Endangered wild fauna and flora' were one taxon. The red list plants according to IUCN valuation basis were examined for 13 taxa; endangered (EN) species of Prunus yedoensis Matsum., Vulnerable (VU) species of both Utricularia pilosa (Makino) Makino and Iris ruthenica var. nana Maxim., Near Threatened (NT) species of Senecio argunensis Turcz., Least Concern (LC) species of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Potentilla discolor Bunge, Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume, Acorus calamus L., Phacelurus latifolius (Steud.) Ohwi, Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi, Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC., and Not Evaluate (NE) species of both Astragalus sikokianus Nakai and Potamogeton oxyphyllus Miq. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were a total of 47 taxa comprising three taxa of grade V, four taxa of grade IV, nine taxa of grade III, 10 taxa of grade II, and 21 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were identified as 62 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 9.9 % and the percentage of urbanization index (UI) was 19.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, hemicryptophytes (28 %), therophytes (26 %), hydrophytes (13 %) and geophyte (12 %) showed high proportional ratio in life form spectrum.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang, C.S.(2007) Rhododendron L. In The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (eds.), Academy Publishing Co., Seoul, pp. 465-469.
  2. Chang, C.S., H. Kim and K.S. Chang(2011) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea. Vol. 43. Woody Plants. Ministry of Education Science and Technology, Paju, 509pp. (in Korean)
  3. Cronquist A.(1981) An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1262pp.
  4. Ganghwa-gun(2013) Incheon Metropolitan City Ganghwa-gun Basic Statistics. Ganghwa-gun Incheon Metropolitan City. Incheon, pp. 36-53. (in Korean)
  5. Hwang, Y. and M.Y. Kim(2012) A taxonomic study of Hemerocallis (Liliaceae) in Korea. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 42(4): 294-306. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2012.42.4.294
  6. Kim, J.S. and T.Y. Kim(2011) Woody Plants of Korean Peninsula. Dolbegae, Paju, 688pp. (in Korean)
  7. Kim, J.S., J.H. Kim, S.Y. Kim, G.H. Nam and B.Y. Lee(2013) Flora of Biodiversity Hot-spot in Korea (II). National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 147pp. (in Korean)
  8. Kim, S.Y., B.Y. Lee and J.H. Kim(2013) A floristic study of Donggeom-do (Isl.), Ganghwa-gun, Korea. Journal of Species Research 2(2): 203-222. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.203
  9. Koh, K.S., I.G. Kang, M.H. Suh, J.H. Kim, K.D. Kim, J.H. Kil, H.I. Rhu, D.S. Kong, E.B. Lee and E.S. Chun(1995) Survey for Ecological Impact by Naturalized Organism (I) -Naturalized Plants. National Institute of Enviromental Research. Incheon, pp. 1-74. (in Korean)
  10. Korea Fern Society(2005) Ferns and Fern Allies of Korea. Geobook, Seoul, 399pp. (in Korean)
  11. Korea National Arboretum(2004) Illustrated Grasses of Korea. KNA, Pocheon, 534pp. (in Korean)
  12. Korea National Arboretum(2008) Illustrated Pteridophytes of Korea. KNA, Pocheon, 547pp. (in Korean)
  13. Korea National Arboretum(2011) Illustrated Grasses of Korea (Revised and Enlarged Edition). KNA, Pocheon, 600pp. (in Korean)
  14. Lee, B.Y., G.H. Nam, J.Y. Lee, C.H. Park, C.E. Lim, M.H. Kim, S.J. Lee, T.K. Noh, J.A. Lim, J.E. Han and J.H. Kim(2011a) National List of Species of Korea (Vascular Plants). NIBR, Incheon, 633pp. (in Korean)
  15. Lee, H.J. and S.J. Kim(1985) The vegetation of Kyodong-do Islet. J. Basic. Sci. Kon-kuk Univ. 10: 87-109. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Lee, H.J., S.H. Park, S.G. Ha, H.S. Hwang, K.S. Chang and Y.M. Lee(2012) Distribution of Vascular Plants in Youngjongdo and Yongyudo. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 26(6): 839-867. (in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Lee, T.B.(1980) Illustrated Flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, 791pp. (in Korean)
  18. Lee, T.B.(2003) Coloured Flora of Korea. Vol. I,II. Hyangmunsa, Seoul, 914pp, 910pp. (in Korean)
  19. Lee, W.T. and Y.J. Yim(2002) Plant Geography with Special Reference to Korea. Kangwon National University Press, Chuncheon, 412pp. (in Korean)
  20. Lee, W.T.(1996a) Lineamenta Florae Koreae. Academy Press, Seoul, 1688pp. (in Korean)
  21. Lee, W.T.(1996b) Standard Illustrations of Korean Plants. Academy Press, Seoul, 624pp. (in Korean)
  22. Lee, Y.M., S.H. Park, S.Y. Jung and J.C. Yang(2010) Study on the vascular plants found in nearby Island regions of Ganghwado. Journal of Korean Nature 3(2): 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1976-8648(14)60013-X
  23. Lee, Y.M., S.H. Park, S.Y. Jung, S.H. Oh and J.C. Yang(2011b) Study on the current status of naturalized plants in South Korea. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 41(1): 87-101. (in Korean with English ab- stract) https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2011.41.1.087
  24. Lee, Y.N.(1996) Flora of Korea. Gyohaksa, Seoul, 1237pp. (in Korean)
  25. Lee, Y.N.(2006) New Flora of Korea. Vol. I,II. Gyohaksa, Seoul, 974, 885pp. (in Korean)
  26. National Institute of Biological Resources(2012) Red Data Book of Endangered Vascular Plants in Korea (Red Data Book 5). Econature, Incheon, 391pp. (in Korean)
  27. National Institute of Biological Resources(2013) Endemic Species of Korea. NIBR, Incheon, 912pp. (in Korean)
  28. National Institute of Biological Resources(2014) Overview of the Endangered Wild Species. NIBR, Incheon, pp. 363-517. (in Korean)
  29. National Institute of Environmental Research(2010) The Natural Environment of Seokmo, Gyodong and Boleum Islands. NIER, Incheon, pp. 50-67. (in Korean)
  30. National Institute of Environmental Research(2012) A Guide to the 4th National Natural Environment Research. NIER, Incheon, pp. 173-226. (in Korean)
  31. National Institute of Environmental Research(2013) Field Guide to the Invasive Alien Species in Korea. NIER, Incheon, 240pp. (in Korean)
  32. Numata, M(1970) Illustrated plant ecology. Ashakura Book Co., Tokyo, (in Japanese)
  33. Oh, B.U., D.G. Jo, K.S. Kim and C.G. Jang(2005) Endemic Vascular Plants in the Korean Peninsula. Korean National Arboretum, Pocheon, 205pp. (in Korean)
  34. Oh, Y.C.(2006) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea. Vol. 41. Monocotyledoneae, Cyperaceae, Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, Seoul, 757pp. (in Korean)
  35. Park, K.H.(1986) A taxonomical and ecological study on the vas- cular plants of Kyo-dong Island in Gyeong-gi bay. J. Incheon Univ. 10:109-136. (in Korean with English abstract)
  36. Park, K.H.(1990a) Vascular plants in the Islands adjacent to Kangwha- do. J. Incheon Univ. 15:87-116. (in Korean with English abstract)
  37. Park, S.H.(2009) New Illustrations and Photographs of Naturalized Plants of Korea. Ilchokak, Seoul, 575pp. (in Korean)
  38. Park, S.J.(1990b) A study on the flora of Mal, Jumun, Bolum and Acha Islands in Kyong-gi bay. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Kyunghee, Seoul, Korea. p. 50. (in Korean)
  39. Park, S.J.(2007a) Geranium L. In The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (eds.), Academy Publishing Co., Seoul, pp. 717-720.
  40. Park, W.G(2007b) Salix L. In The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Flora of Korea Editorial Committee (eds.), Academy Publishing Co., Seoul, pp. 410-422.
  41. Raunkiaer, C.(1934) The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford Univ. Press, London.
  42. Woo, K.B., C.S. Chang, K.S. Chang, J.K. Eo and E.H. Lee(2007) Flora of Kanghwa area of Incheon metropolitan city. Bull. of Seoul Nat'l Univ. Arboretum. 26: 47-85. (in Korean with English abstract)
  43. Yim, Y.J. and E.S. Jeon(1980) Distribution of Naturalized Plants in the Korean Peninsula. J. Plant Biol. 23: 69-83. (in Korean with English abstract)
  44. Yim, Y.J. and T. Kira(1975) Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in Korean peninsula. I. Distribution of some indices of thermal climate. Jap. J. Ecol. 25: 77-88.
  45. Yim, Y.J., G.H. Park and J.K. Sim(1982) Geographical significance of Raunkiaer's life form spectra in South Korea. Bull. Inst. Techn. & Sci. Chung-Ang Univ. 9: 5-20. (in Korean with English abstract)