Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society (기술혁신학회지)

Korea Technology Innovation Society (한국기술혁신학회)
권호 표지

Technology Strategy in Business Ecosystem of "Coopetition": Evidence from Apple-Samsung Patent Litigation Case

경쟁-협력공존의 산업생태계에서의 기술전략: Apple-Samsung 특허분쟁 사례

  • Received : 2014.10.30
  • Accepted : 2015.03.31
  • Published : 2015.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The patent war between Apple and Samsung which started in the year of 2011 presents us a good example of a multifaceted technological strategies, frequently found in high-tech industries. The patent litigation represents a competitive structure, while the patent citation of counterpart's technology demonstrates the underlying cooperative relationship between two leading firms in smart-phone industry. However, the previous studies have mostly concentrated on one aspect in inter-firm relationship, providing only a partial aspect of technological management issues often faced by high-tech companies today. We also have a limited understanding on the technological trajectory or how the core technology evolve over time in high-tech industry where technological knowledge is the main source of competitive advantage. To overcome the drawbacks in the previous studies, we examine the coopetitive nature of inter-organizational relationship with simultaneous perspectives of competition and cooperation in smart-phone industry. To this end, this study analyzes patent-litigation for revealing the competitive nature and patent-citation network for the cooperative nature by utilizing patent citation data. By doing so, we identify the specific patterns of technological knowledge flows and the direction of technological strategy and the relevant policy under the circumstance of coopetition ecosystem.

2011년에 촉발되어 전 세계 20여 건에 이르는 Apple과 Samsung의 특허분쟁은 경쟁적 기술전략의 첨예한 양상을 보여준 대표적 사례이다. 두 기업 간 특허소송은 스마트폰 시장에서의 치열한 경쟁구조를 잘 보여준다. 반면, 두 기업은 ICT 및 하이테크 시장 선두기업으로서의 서로 긴밀한 협력적 관계에 있다. 그러나 기존 연구들은 경쟁 또는 협력의 한 부분만을 고려한 나머지 실제 기술경영의 현상을 제대로 진단하지 못했을 뿐 아니라 어떠한 패턴을 보이면서 진화하는지 규명하지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구는 경쟁-협력 동시적 공존의 코피티션(Coopetition) 산업생태계를, Apple과 Samsung의 스마트폰 분쟁사례를 중심으로 분석하고 그 함의와 방향성을 도출하고자 한다. 경쟁관점에서는 두 기업 간 소송자료 및 일지를 활용하여 분쟁의 흐름을, 협력관점에서는 소송에서 쟁점이 된 특허들의 인용정보를 활용하여 핵심기술을 구성하는 지식의 경향과 이전방향을 네트워크 분석방법론을 통해 분석한다.

Keywords

References

  1. 경민수 (2012), "미국 캘리포니아 법원에서의 애플 v. 삼성 간의 침해금지 가처분 청구 소송 및 항소심 판결", 지식재산연구, 7(2): 75-120.
  2. 권영철 (1994), "무한경쟁시대의 전략적 제휴", 서울: 김영사.
  3. 손상영.김사혁 (2013), "모바일 플랫폼의 새로운 경쟁양상과 대응전략", 기본연구 13-10, 서울: 정보통신정책연구원.
  4. 손동원 (2008), "사회 네트워크 분석", 서울: 경문사.
  5. 염명배 (2000), "전략적 제휴 시대에 부응한 지방정부의 코피티션(Coopetition) 전략 연구", 경영경제연구, 23(2): 91-120.
  6. 이은민 (2012), "글로벌 IT 특허경쟁의 의미와 시사점", 서울: 정보통신정책연구원.
  7. 이은민 (2011), "스마트폰, 태블릿과 관련된 애플, 삼성전자의 법정공방과 시사점", 서울: 정보통신정책연구원.
  8. 최지선 (2013), "창조경제시대 글로벌 지식재산소송의 기업 전략적 함의에 관한 소고: 삼성-애플 미국 소송의 침해금지명령을 중심으로", 기술혁신연구, 21(2): 319-354.
  9. Bekkers, R. and Martinelli, A. (2012), "Knowledge Positions in High-tech Markets: Trajectories, Standards, Strategies and True Innovation", Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 79: 1192-1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.01.009
  10. Bengtsson, M. and Kock, S. (1999), "Cooperation and Competition in Relationships Between Competitors in Business Networks", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 14(3): 178-193. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858629910272184
  11. Bengtsson, M., Eriksson, J. and Wincent, J. (2010), "Co-opetition Dynamics: An Outline for Further Inquiry", Competitiveness Review, 20(2): 194-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/10595421011029893
  12. Chen, Y. and Chen, B. (2011), "Utilizing Patent Analysis to Explore the Cooperative Competition Relationship of the Two LED Companies: Nichia and Osram", Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 78(2): 294-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.06.017
  13. Cho, T. and Shih, H. (2011), "Patent Citation Network Analysis of Core and Emerging Technologies in Taiwan: 1997-2008", Scientometrics, 39(3): 795-811.
  14. Cho, Y. and Kim, M. (2014), "Entropy and Gravity Concepts as New Methodological Indexes to Investigate Technological Convergence: Patent Network-Based Approach", PloS one, 9(6): e98009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098009
  15. Cho, Y. and Kim, W. (2014), "Technology-industry Networks in Technology Commercialization: Evidence from Korean University Patents", Scientometrics, 98(3): 1785-1810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1131-4
  16. Grilliches, Zvi. (1990), "Patent Statistic as Economic Indicator: A survey", Journal of Economic Literature, 28: 1661-1707.
  17. Gnyawali, D. R. and Park, B. (2009), "Co-opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model", Journal of Small Business management, 47(3): 308-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00273.x
  18. Gnyawali, D. R. and Park, B. (2011), "Co-opetition Between Giants: Collaboration with Competitors for Technological Innovation", Research Policy, 40: 650-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.01.009
  19. Gupta, P., Kim, M. and Levine, D. (2013), "Insight: Apple and Samsung: Frenemies for Life", Reuters Business & Financial News, (2013.02.10.)
  20. Harbison, J. R. and Pekar, Jr. P. (1998), Smart Alliances, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  21. Hagedoorn, J. (2002), "Inter-firm R&D Partnerships: An Overview of Major Trends and Patterns Since 1960", Research Policy, 31(4): 477-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00120-2
  22. Hagedoorn, J. (1993), "Understanding the Rationale of Strategic Technology Partnering: Interorganizational Modes of Cooperation and Sectoral Differences", Strategic Management Journal, 14(5): 371-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140505
  23. Hagedoorn, J. and Schakenraad, J. (1994), "The Effect of Strategic Technology Alliances on Company Performance", Strategic Management Journal, 15(4): 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150404
  24. Kim, H. and Song, J. (2013), "Social Network Analysis of Patent Infringement Lawsuits", Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 80(5): 944-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.10.014
  25. Iansiti, M. and Levien, R. (2004a), "Strategy as Ecology", Harvard Business Review, 82(3): 68-81.
  26. Iansiti, M and Levinen, R. (2004b), The Keystone Advantage, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  27. Lee, H., Kim, C., Cho, H., and Park, Y. (2009), "An ANP-based Technology Network for Identification of Core Technologies: A Case of Telecommunication Technologies", Expert Systems with Applications, 36: 894-908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.10.026
  28. Luo, X., Rindfleisch, A. and Tse, D. K. (2007), "Working with Rivals: the Impact of Competitors Alliances on Financial Performance", Journal of Marketing Research, 44(1): 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.1.73
  29. Luo, Y. (2004), Co-opetition in International Business, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.
  30. Luo, Y. (2007), "A Coopetition Perspective of Global Competition", Journal of World Business, 42(2): 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2006.08.007
  31. Moore, J. (1997), The Death of Competition: Leadership and Strategy in the Ages of Business Ecosystems, New York: Harper Business.
  32. Nalebuff, B. J., Brandenburger, A. and Maulana, A. (1996), Co-opetition, New York: Harper Collins Business.
  33. Park, Y., Yoon, B., and Lee, S. (2005), "The Idiosyncrasy and Dynamism of Technological Innovation Across Industries: Patent Citation Analysis", Technology in Society, 27: 471-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.08.003
  34. Ritala, P. and Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P. (2009), "What's in it for me? Creating and Appropriating Value in Innovation-related Coopetition", Technovation, 29(12): 819-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2009.07.002
  35. Scott, J. (2003), Social Network Analysis: A Handbook, Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
  36. Trajtenberg, M., Henderson, R. and Jaffe, A. (1997), University Versus Corporate Patents: A Window on the Basicness of Invention, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 5(1): 19-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599700000006
  37. Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. (2006), Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  38. Wu, J. (2014), "Cooperation with Competitors and Product Innovation: Moderating Effects of Technological Capability and Alliances with Universities", Industrial Marketing Management, 43: 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.11.002