Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
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Long-term Trends of the Concentrations of Mass and Chemical Composition in PM2.5 over Seoul

서울시 대기 중 초미세먼지 (PM2.5) 질량과 화학성분 농도의 장기 변동 추이

  • Han, Sang Hee (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Yong Pyo (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • 한상희 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김용표 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2015.02.25
  • Accepted : 2015.04.08
  • Published : 2015.04.30
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Abstract

The literature data of the mass concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$, and chemical composition of $PM_{2.5}$ (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, OC, and EC) from 1985 and 2013 at Seoul were collected and the temporal trends were discussed in relation with the policy directions. Generally, the mass concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ at Seoul have showed decreasing trends. However, it is not clear what might be the major reason(s) for the trends. The concentrations of ionic component in $PM_{2.5}$ showed different trends, sulfate being reduced during the 1990s but no trend during the 2000s. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium were increasing during the 2000s. The concentrations of OC show no apparent trend while that of EC decreased. Further policy directions are suggested based on the temporal trends of the chemical composition in $PM_{2.5}$.

본 연구에서는 문헌조사를 중점으로 1984년부터 2013년까지의 TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$와 $PM_{2.5}$의 이온성분 그리고 원소상탄소의 농도변화 추이에 대해 살펴보았다. TSP와 $PM_{10}$은 비슷한 추이를 보이고 있으며 1998년부터 2003년까지를 제외하고는 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. $PM_{2.5}$는 정부 자료와 학술대회나 학술지에서 파악한 자료의 질량농도는 다르지만 두 자료 모두 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. 2010년 이후에는 2015년부터 적용될 연평균 기준농도보다 낮은 값을 보이고 있다. 그러나 2013년에는 다시 증가했고 안정적으로 기준을 만족시키지 못하기 때문에 $PM_{2.5}$에 대한 보다 적절한 대책이 필요할 것으로 보인다. $PM_{2.5}$의 이온성분의 경우 $NH{_4}^+$와 $NO{_3}^-$의 농도는 증가하고 $SO{_4}^{2-}$농도는 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있다. $SO{_4}^{2-}$ 농도의 감소는 중국에서의 장거리 이동 영향과 정책의 적용이 원인으로 보인다. 또한 이온성분들 간의 반응도 이온성분의 농도에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. $NO{_3}^-$의 경우 $SO{_4}^{2-}$와는 다르게 $NO_x$의 농도는 감소하고 있지만 저감 대책에 따른 $NO_2$의 뚜렷한 농도변화를 보이지 않고 $NO{_3}^-$의 농도가 증가하고 있기 때문에 적절한 대책이 필요할 것으로 보인다. $PM_{2.5}$의 원소상 탄소의 추이를 통해 1차 오염과 2차 오염의 영향을 볼 수 있다. OC는 2000년대 초반까지는 감소하였으나 2000년대 후반에는 뚜렷한 경향이 없으며, EC는 감소하는 추이를 보이고 있다. OC와 EC의 추이뿐만 아니라 두 성분의 비를 통해 1차 오염보다는 2차 오염에 의한 영향이 크다는 것을 파악할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 문헌조사를 통해 1986년부터 2013년까지 장기간의 $PM_{2.5}$와 그 화학성분들의 연평균 농도 추이를 파악하였다. $PM_{2.5}$와 그 성분의 농도 변화 추이를 통해 대기오염원의 기여도에 대해 파악할 수 있다. 따라서 $PM_{2.5}$와 그 화학조성은 대기질 개선을 위한 대책 수립에 중요한 기초자료가 된다. 이 연구가 정확성을 갖기 위해서는 더 많은 연평균 농도파악을 통해 구체적인 추이를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 지속적인 측정과 분석이 필요하며 이를 통해 적절한 대책을 수립할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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