DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Structural repairing of damaged reinforced concrete beam-column assemblies with CFRPs

  • Yurdakul, Ozgur (Jan Perner Transport Faculty, University of Pardubice) ;
  • Avsar, Ozgur (Department of Civil Engineering, Anadolu University)
  • Received : 2014.10.28
  • Accepted : 2015.02.06
  • Published : 2015.05.10

Abstract

Depending on the damage type as well as the level of damage observed after the earthquake, certain measures should be taken for the damaged buildings. In this study, structural repairing of two different types of damaged RC beam-column assembly by carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets is investigated in detail as a member repairing technique. Two types of 1:1 scale test specimens, which represent the exterior RC beam-column connection taken from inflection points of the frame, are utilized. The first specimen is designed according to the current Turkish Earthquake Code, whereas the second one represents a deficient RC beam-column assembly. Both of the specimens were subjected to cyclic quasistatic loading in the laboratory and different levels of structural damage were observed. The first specimen displayed a ductile response with the damage concentrated in the beam. However, in the second specimen, the beam-column joint was severely damaged while the rest of the members did not attain their capacities. Depending on the damage type of the specimens, the damaged members were repaired by CFRP wrapping with different configurations. After testing the repaired specimens, it is found that former capacities of the damaged members were mostly recovered by the application of CFRPs on the damaged members.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : BASF Chemical Company

References

  1. ACI 352R-02 (2002), Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, USA.
  2. ACI 352R-76 (1976), Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, USA.
  3. Akguzel, U. and Pampanin, S. (2010), "Effects of variation of axial load and bidirectional loading on seismic performance of GFRP retrofitted reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints", J. Compos. Constr., 14, 94-104. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2010)14:1(94)
  4. Alcocer, S.M. and Jirsa, J.O. (1991), "Reinforced concrete frame connections rehabilitated by jacketing", PMFSEL Rep. No. 91-1, Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
  5. Antonopoulos, C.P. and Triantafillou, T.C. (2003), "Experimental investigation of FRP-strengthened RC beam-column joints", J. Compos. Constr., 7, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:1(39)
  6. Avsar, O. and Tunaboyu, O. (2014), "Influence of structural wall on the seismic performance of RC buildings during the May 19, 2011 Simav, Turkey Earthquake", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 28(4), 04014016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000473
  7. Bedirhanoglu, I., Ilki, A., Pujol, S. and Kumbasar, N. (2010), "Seismic behavior of joints built with plain bars and low-strength concrete", ACI Struct. J., 107(3), 300-310.
  8. Biddah, A., Ghobarah, A. and Aziz, T.S. (1997), "Upgrading of nonductile reinforced concrete frame connections", J. Struct. Eng., 123, 1001-1010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:8(1001)
  9. Bindhu, K.R., Jaya, K.P. and Manicka Selvam, V.K. (2008), "Seismic resistance of exterior beam-column joints with non-conventional confinement reinforcement detailing", Struct. Eng. Mech., 30(6), 733-761. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2008.30.6.733
  10. Burak, B. and Wight, J.K. (2004), "Experimental investigation of eccentric reinforced concrete beamcolumn- slab connections under earthquake loading", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
  11. Canbolat, B.B. and Wight, J.K. (2008), "Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of eccentric reinforced concrete beam-column-slab connections", ACI Struct. J., 16(105-S), 154-162.
  12. Coskun, C., Comert, M., Demir, C. and Ilki, A. (2012), "FRP retrofit of a full-scale 3D RC frame", 6th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2012), Rome, Italy.
  13. Del Vecchio, C., Di Ludovico, M., Balsamo, A., Manfredi, G. and Dolce, M. (2014), "Experimental investigation of exterior RC beam-column joints retrofitted with FRP systems", J. Comps. Constr., 18(4) 04014002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000459
  14. Dogangun, A. (2004), "Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingol earthquake in Turkey", Eng. Struct., 26(6), 841-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.005
  15. El-Amoury, T. and Ghobarah, A. (2002), "Seismic rehabilitation of beam-column joint using GFRP sheets", Eng. Struct., 24, 1397-1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00081-0
  16. Elsouri, A.M. and Harajli, M.H. (2015), "Repair and FRP strengthening of earthquake-damaged RC shallow beam-column joints", Adv. Struct. Eng., 18, 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.2.237
  17. Engindeniz, M. (2008), "Repair and strengthening of pre-1970 reinforced concrete corner beam-column joints using CFRP composites", Ph.D. Dissertations, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA.
  18. Fisher, M.J. and Sezen, H. (2011), "Behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints including a new reinforcement", Struct. Eng. Mech., 40(6), 867-883. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.40.6.867
  19. Garcia, R., Jemaa, Y., Helal, Y., Maurizio, G. and Pilakoutas, K. (2014), "Seismic strengthening of severely damaged beam-column RC joints using CFRP", J. Comps. Constr., 18(2) 04013048. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000448
  20. Ghobarah, A. and El-Amoury, T. (2005), "Seismic rehabilitation of deficient exterior concrete frame joints", J. Comps. Constr., 9, 408-416. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:5(408)
  21. Ghobarah, A. and Said, A. (2001), "Seismic rehabilitation of beam-column joints using FRP laminates", J. Earthq. Eng., 5(1), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460109350388
  22. Ghobarah, A. and Said, A. (2002), "Shear strengthening of beam-column joints", Eng. Struct., 24, 881-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00026-3
  23. Haach, V.G., Debs, A.L.H.D.C.E. and Debs, M.K.E. (2008), "Evaluation of the influence of the column axial load on the behavior of monotonically loaded RC exterior beam-column joints through numerical simulations", Eng. Struct., 30, 965-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.06.005
  24. Hadi, N.S.M. and Tran, T.M. (2014), "Retrofitting nonseismically detailed exterior beam-column joints using concrete covers together with CFRP jacket", Construct. Build. Mater., 63, 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.019
  25. Hassan, W.M. (2011), "Analytical and experimental assessment of seismic vulnerability of beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement in concrete buildings", Ph.D. Dissertations, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
  26. Ilki, A., Bedirhanoglu, I. and Kumbasar, N. (2011), "Behavior of FRP-retrofitted joints built with plain bars and low-strength concrete", J. Compos. Constr., 15, 312-326. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000156
  27. Karayannis, C.G., Chalioris, C.E. and Sideris, K.K. (1998), "Effectiveness of RC beam-column connection repair using epoxy resin injections", J. Earthq. Eng., 2(2), 217-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350320
  28. Karayannis, C.G., Chalioris, C.E. and Sirkelis, G.M. (2008), "Local retrofit of exterior RC beam-column joints using thin RC jackets-An experimental study", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(5), 727-746. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.783
  29. Karayannis, C.G. and Sirkelis, G.M. (2008), "Strengthening and rehabilitation of RC beam-column joints using carbon-FRP jacketing and epoxy resin injection", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(5), 769-790. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.785
  30. Kotsovou, G. and Mouzakis, H. (2012), "Exterior RC beam-column joints: new design approach", Eng. Struct., 41, 307-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.049
  31. Le-Trung, K., Lee, K., Lee, J., Lee, D.H. and Wooc, S. (2010), "Experimental study of RC beam-column joints strengthened using CFRP composites", Comps. Part: B, 41, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.06.005
  32. Lee, J.Y., Kim, J.Y. and Oh, G.J. (2009), "Strength deterioration of reinforced concrete beam column joints subjected to cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 41(9), 2070-2085.
  33. Lee, W.T., Chiou, Y.J. and Shih, M.H. (2010), "Reinforced concrete beam-column joint strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer", Comps. Struct., 92, 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.06.011
  34. Li, B. and Kai, Q. (2011), "Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete interior beam-wide column joints repaired using FRP", J. Compos. Constr., 15(3), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000163
  35. Mahini, S.S. and Ronagh, H.R. (2010), "Strength and ductility of FRP web-bonded RC beams for the assessment of retrofitted beam-column joints", Comps. Struct., 92, 1325-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.09.006
  36. Park, R. (1989), "Evaluation of ductility of structures and structural assemblages from laboratory testing", NZ Nat. Soc. Earthq. Eng. Bull., 22(3), 155-166.
  37. Parvin, A. and Granata, P. (2000), "Investigation on the effects of fiber composites at concrete joints", Comps. Part: B, 31, 499-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(99)00046-3
  38. Parvin, A., Altay. S., Altay, C. and Kaya, O. (2010), "CFRP rehabilitation of concrete frame joints with inadequate shear and anchorage details", J. Comps. Constr., 14(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000055
  39. Sezen, H., Whittaker, A.S., Elwood, K.J. and Mosalam, K.M. (2003), "Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake, and seismic design and construction practice in Turkey", Eng. Struct., 25(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00121-9
  40. TEC-2007 (2007), Specification for structures to be built in disaster areas, Turkish Earthquake Code, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement Government of Republic of Turkey, Turkey.
  41. Topcu, I. (2008), "Experimental research on seismic retrofitting of R/C corner beam-column-slab joints upgraded with CFRP sheets", MSc Thesis, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Bogazici University.
  42. TSI-500 (2000), Requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
  43. Yilmaz, N. and Avsar, O . (2013), "Structural damages of the May 19, 2011 Kutahya-Simav Earthquake in Turkey", Nat. Hazard., 69(1), 981-1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0747-2

Cited by

  1. Experimental and Numerical Research on Seismic Performance of Earthquake-Damaged RC Frame Strengthened with CFRP Sheets vol.2016, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6716329
  2. Experimental fragility functions for exterior deficient RC beam-column connections before and after rehabilitation vol.10, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.6.1291
  3. The effects of CFRP orientation on the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures vol.25, pp.15, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1282
  4. Strengthening of substandard reinforced concrete beam-column joints by external post-tension rods vol.107, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.004
  5. Comparative experimental assessment of seismic rehabilitation with CFRP strips and sheets on RC frames vol.10, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.3.613
  6. Internal and External Reinforcement of Concrete Members by Use of Shape Memory Alloy and Fiber Reinforced Polymers under Cyclic Loading—A Review vol.10, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040376
  7. Seismic repair of captive-column damage with CFRPs in substandard RC frames vol.61, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.1.001
  8. Minimum cost design of overhead crane beam with box section strengthened by CFRP laminates vol.61, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.4.475
  9. Single and multi-material topology optimization of CFRP composites to retrofit beam-column connection vol.19, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.4.405
  10. Shear-strengthening of RC continuous T-beams with spliced CFRP U-strips around bars against flange top vol.64, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.1.135
  11. Non-invasive steel haunch upgradation strategy for seismically deficient reinforced concrete exterior beam-column sub-assemblages vol.28, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.6.719
  12. Seismic Retrofit Schemes with FRP for Deficient RC Beam-Column Joints: State-of-the-Art Review vol.23, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000950
  13. Stochastic-Based Nonlinear Numerical Modeling of Shear Critical RC Beam Repaired with Bonded CFRP Sheets vol.23, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000966
  14. Novel steel bracket and haunch hybrid system for post-earthquake retrofit of damaged exterior beam-column sub-assemblages vol.73, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.73.3.239
  15. Light FRP Strengthening of Poorly Detailed Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joints vol.24, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0001022
  16. 3D RC beam–column joints retrofitted by joint enlargement using steel angles and post-tensioned bolts vol.220, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110975
  17. Numerical investigation of reinforced-concrete beam-column joints retrofitted using external superelastic shape memory alloy bars vol.8, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2021043
  18. Crack width-based fragility curves for repairability of substandard beam-column joints vol.19, pp.14, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01218-6
  19. Numerical simulation of the influence of bond strength degradation on the behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints externally strengthened with FRP sheets vol.15, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00567
  20. Experimental investigation of grooving method in seismic retrofit of beam-column external joints without seismic details using CFRP sheets vol.34, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.023