Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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Developmental Difference in Metacognitive Accuracy between High School Students and College Students

메타인지 정확성의 발달 차이 연구: 고등학생과 대학생 데이터

  • 배진희 (아주대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 조혜승 (아주대학교 라이프미디어 협동과정) ;
  • 김경일 (아주대학교 심리학과)
  • Received : 2014.12.22
  • Accepted : 2015.03.24
  • Published : 2015.03.31
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Abstract

Metacognitive monitoring refers to high dimensional cognitive activities. Understanding one's own cognitive processes accurately can make effective controls for their performance. Brain area related with metacognition is PFC which is completed the order of late and it can be inferred that monitoring abilities is developing during late adolescent. In this study, we explored the developmental difference in monitoring accuracy between high school students and college students using by measuring JOL(Judgment of Learning). Participants was asked that they study Spanish-Korean word pairs and judge their future performance of memory. In the result, people in both groups thought that they could remember word pairs better than their actual performance. Absolute bias scores which mean the degree to predict their performance apart from true scores showed the interaction between subject groups and task difficulty. Specifically, people judged their learning state quite accurately in easy task condition. However, in difficult task condition, both groups showed inaccuracy for predicting their learning and the magnitude of the degree was bigger in the group of high school students.

메타인지적 모니터링은 자신의 인지 활동을 점검하고 평가하는 고차원적 인지과정이며, 인지과정에 대한 정확한 이해는 효율적인 통제를 가능하게 만든다. 신경학적으로 모니터링과 관련된 뇌 영역은 전 전두피질(PFC)로 이 영역은 발달 상 가장 늦게 완성되는 것으로 알려져 왔으며, 이는 모니터링 능력이 청소년 후기에도 발달 중에 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 메타인지적 정확성을 평가하는 방법 중 하나인 학습에 대한 판단(JOL)을 측정함으로써 대학생과 고등학생에서 나타나는 발달상의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 인천 소재의 하늘고등학교 학생 58명과 수원 소재 아주대학교 학생 60명이 실험에 참가하였으며, 참가자들은 스페인어와 한국어 쌍으로 제시된 단어를 학습한 후 향후 기억 수행에 대한 판단을 하였다(JOL). 실제 점수와 예상점수(JOL)의 차를 중심으로 모니터링 정확성을 평가한 결과, 두 집단 모두 자신의 점수를 실제 점수보다 더 높다고 생각하는 과잉확신(overconfidence)을 보였다. 또한, 실제 정답과 예상 점수가 떨어진 정도(absolute bias)를 측정한 결과 대학생 집단에 비해 고등학생 집단에서 모니터링의 정확성이 유의미하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 문항의 난이도에 따라 모니터링 점수를 비교해 본 결과 쉬운 문항에 비해 어려운 문항에서 더 과잉 확신하며 모니터링의 정확도가 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 경향은 고등학생 집단에서 더 두드러지게 나타났으며, 특히 어려운 과제를 할 때 고등학생 집단이 대학생 집단에 비해 자신의 현재 상태를 정확하게 판단하지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 정확한 모니터링을 통한 학습판단은 적절한 학습전략을 선택하는데 매우 중요한 요소이므로 고등학생 집단의 모니터링 향상을 위한 방안의 모색이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

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