DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Impact of aggressive exposure conditions on sustainable durability, strength development and chloride diffusivity of high performance concrete

  • Al-Bahar, Suad (Construction and Buildings Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research) ;
  • Husain, A. (Construction and Buildings Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research)
  • 투고 : 2015.01.17
  • 심사 : 2015.03.10
  • 발행 : 2015.03.25

초록

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of various concrete composites in natural marine environment prevailing in the Gulf region. Durability assessment studies of such nature are usually carried out under aggressive environments that constitute seawater, chloride and sulfate laden soils and wind, and groundwater conditions. These studies are very vital for sustainable development of marine and off shore reinforced concrete structures of industrial design such as petroleum installations. First round of testing and evaluation, which is presented in this paper, were performed by standard tests under laboratory conditions. Laboratory results presented in this paper will be corroborated with test outcome of ongoing three years field exposure conditions. The field study will include different parameters of investigation for high performance concrete including corrosion inhibitors, type of reinforcement, natural and industrial pozzolanic additives, water to cement ratio, water type, cover thickness, curing conditions, and concrete coatings. Like the laboratory specimens, samples in the field will be monitored for corrosion induced deterioration signs and for any signs of failureover initial period ofthree years. In this paper, laboratory results pertaining to microsilica (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), epoxy coated rebars and calcium nitrite corrosion inhibitor are very conclusive. Results affirmed that the supplementary cementing materials such as GGBS and SF significantly impacted and enhanced concrete resistivity to chloride ions penetration and hence decrease the corrosion activities on steel bars protected by such concretes. As for epoxy coated rebars applications under high chloride laden conditions, results showed great concern to integrity of the epoxy coating layer on the bar and its stability. On the other hand corrosion inhibiting admixtures such as calcium nitrite proved to be more effective when used in combination with the pozzolanic additives such as GGBS and microsilica.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AASHTO T-259. (2002), Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ion Penetration, Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, 14th Ed., Washington DC, USA: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
  2. Abdul-Salam, S. and Husain, A. (2013), Assessment Of The Durability And Corrosion Behavior Of Concrete Treated With Chemical Inhibitors For Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), Proposal, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
  3. Al-Bahar, S., Husain, A., Abdul-Salam, S., Abduljaleel, A., Karam, H. Al-Shamali, O. (2002), Evaluation of Selected Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Structures in Kuwait, Final Report, KISR 6491, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
  4. Alhozaimy, A., Hussain, R.R., Al-Zaid, R. and Al-Negheimish, A. (2012), "Investigation of severe corrosion observed at intersection points of steel bars mesh in reinforced concrete construction", Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.011
  5. Al-Matrouk, F., Al-Hashem , A., Al-Kharafi, F.M. and El-Khafif, M. (1996), "Impact of metallic corrosion on the Kuwait economy before and after the Iraqi invasion: A case study". In Industrial corrosion and Corrosion Control Technology: Proceedings of the Second Arabian Corrosion Conference, Kuwait: Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research.
  6. Andrade, C. and Martinez, I. (2010), Techniques For Measuring The Corrosion Rate (Polarization Resistance) and the Corrosion Potential of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Non Destructive Testing Methods , ISBN:978-1-84569-950-5, 2, 284-316.
  7. Ann, K.Y., Jung, H.S., Kim, H.S., Kim, S.S. and Moon, H.Y. (2006), "Effect of calcium nitrite-based corrosion inhibitor in preventing corrosion of embedded steel in concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 36(3), 530-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.09.003
  8. ASTM C 876. (2009), Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  9. ASTM C 1202. (2012), Electrical indication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  10. ASTM G 109. (2013), Standard Test method for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to chloride environments, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  11. ASTM C 856. (2014), Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  12. CSHRP. (1990), Effectiveness of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel, Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program, Final Report.
  13. Haque, M.N., Al-Khaiat, H. and John, B. (2007), "A prelude to designing durable concerete structures in the Arabian Gulf", Build. Environ., 42(6), 2410-2416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.006
  14. Kayali, O. and Zhu, B. (2005), "Corrosion Performance of medium-strength and silica fume high-strength reinforced concrete in a chloride solution", Cement Concrete Compos., 27(1), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.040
  15. Shekarchi, M., Rafiee, A. and Layssi, H. (2009), "Long-term Chloride diffusion in silica fume concrete in harsh marine climates", Cement Concrete Compos., 31(10), 769-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.005
  16. Whiting, D. (1981), Rapid determination of chloride permeability of concrete, Report No. FHWA/RD-81-119, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.