참고문헌
- Baker, A.K., Schuck, T.J., Slemr, F., van Velthoven, P., Zahn, A., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M. (2011) Characterization of non-methane hydrocarbons in Asian summer monsoon outflow observed by the CARIBIC aircraft. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, 503-518, doi:10.5194/acp-11-503-2011.
- Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., Simpson, I.J., Atlas, E.L., Beyersdorf, A.J., Baker, A.K., Blake, N.J., Yang, M., Midyett, J.R., Novak, B.J., McKeachie, R.J., Fuelberg, H.E., Sachse, G.W., Avery, M.A., Campos, T., Weinheimer, A.J., Rowland, F.S., Blake, D.R. (2009) Characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Asian and North American pollution plumes during INTEX-B: identification of specific Chinese air mass tracers. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, 5371-5388. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5371-2009
- Blake, N.J., Blake, D.R., Chen, T.-Y., Collins Jr., J.E., Sachse, G.W., Anderson, B.E., Rowland, F.S. (1997) Distribution and seasonality of selected hydrocarbons and halocarbons over the western Pacific basin during PEM-West A and PEM-West B. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 28315-28331. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02538
- Blake, N.J., Blake, D.R., Simpson, I.J., Meinardi, S., Swanson, A.L., Lopez, J.P., Katzenstein, A.S., Barletta, B., Shirai, T., Atlas, E., Sachse, G., Avery, M., Vay, S., Fuelberg, H.E., Kiley, C.M., Kita, K., Rowland, F.S. (2003) NMHCs and halocarbons in Asian continental outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Field Campaign: Comparison With PEM-West B. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 8806, doi:10.1029/2002JD003367.
- Brocco, D., Fratarcangeli, R., Lepore, L., Petricca, M., Ventrone, I. (1997) Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Rome. Atmospheric Environment 31, 557-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00226-9
- Carmichael, G.R., Zhang, Y., Chen, L.-L., Hong, M.-S., Ueda, H. (1996) Seasonal variation of aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2407-2416. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00230-8
- Chang, C.C., Sree, U., Lin, Y.S., Lo, J.G. (2005) An examination of 7:00-9:00 pm ambient air volatile organics in different seasons of Kaohsiung city, southern Taiwan. Atmospheric Environment 39, 867-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.037
- Chen, L.-L., Carmichael, G.R., Hong, M.-S., Ueda, H., Shim, S., Song, C.H., Kim, Y.P., Arimoto, R., Prospero, J., Savoie, D., Murano, K., Park, J.K., Lee, H.-G., Kang, C. (1997) Influence of continental outflow events on the aerosol composition at Cheju Island, South Korea. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 28551-28574. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01431
- Clarkson, T.S., Martin, R.J., Rudolph, J., Graham, B.W.L. (1996) Benzene and toluene in New Zealand air. Atmospheric Environment 30, 569-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00312-6
- Dunker, A.M., Yarwood, G., Ortmann, J.P., Wilson, G.M. (2002) The decoupled direct method for sensitivity analysis in a Three-Dimensional air quality models implementation, accuracy, and efficiency. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 2965-2976. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0112691
- ENVIRON (2004) User's Guide Comprehensive Air Quality Model With Extensions (CAMx) Version 4.00. ENVIRON International Corporation, Novato, California (available at www.camx.com) January, 2004.
- Guo, H., Wang, T., Simpson, I.J., Blake, D.R., Yu, X.M., Kwok, Y.H., Li, Y.S. (2003) Source contributions to ambient VOCs and CO at a rural site in eastern China. Atmospheric Environment 38, 4551-4560.
- Hsieh, C.C., Tsai, J.H. (2003) VOC concentration characteristics in Southern Taiwan. Chemosphere 50, 545-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00275-8
- Huebert, B.J., Bates, T., Russell, P.B., Shi, G., Kim, Y.J., Kawamura, K., Carmichael, G., Nakajima, T. (2003) An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 8633, doi:10.1029/2003JD003550.
- Iovino, P., Polverino, R., Salvestrini, S., Capasso, S. (2009) Temporal and spatial distribution of BTEX pollutants in the atmosphere of metropolitan areas and neighbouring towns. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 150, 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0242-5
- Kato, S., Kajii, Y., Itokazu, R., Hirokawa, J., Kodae, S., Kinjo, Y. (2004) Transport of atmospheric carbon monoxide, ozone, and hydrocarbons from Chinese coast to Okinawa Island in the Western Pacific during winter. Atmospheric Environment 38, 2975-2981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.049
- Lee, S.C., Chiu, M.Y., Ho, K.F., Zou, S.C., Wang, X. (2002) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban atmosphere of Hong Kong. Chemosphere 48, 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00040-1
- Lee, M., Song, M., Moon, K.J., Han, J.S., Lee, G., Kim, K.-R. (2007) Origins and chemical characteristics of fine aerosols during the Northeastern Asia regional experiment (Atmospheric Brown Cloud-East Asia Regional Experiment 2005). Journal of Geophysical Research 112, D22S29, doi:10.1029/2006JD008210.
- Liu, P.-W.G., Yao, Y.C., Tsai, J.H., Hsu, Y.-C., Chang, L.-P., Chang, K.-H. (2008) Source impacts by volatile organic compounds in an industrial city of southern Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment 398, 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.053
- Lim, S., Lee, M., Lee, G., Kim, S., Yoon, S., Kang, K. (2011) Ionic and carbonaceous compositions of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 at Gosan ABC superstation and their ratios as source signature. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discuss 11, 20521-20573. https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20521-2011
- McClenny, W.A., Colon, M. (1998) Measurement of volatile organic compounds by the US Environmental Protection Agency Compendium Method TO-17: Evaluation of performance criteria. Journal of Chromatography A 813, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00327-6
- McClenny, W.A., Oliver, K.D., Jacumin Jr., H.H., Daughtrey Jr., E.H. (2002) Ambient level volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring using solid adsorbents-Recent US EPA studies. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 4, 695-705. https://doi.org/10.1039/b203291k
- Monod, A., Sive, B.C., Avino, P., Chen, T., Blake, D.R., Rowland, F.S. (2001) Monoaromatic compounds in ambient air of various cities: A focus on correlations between the xylenes and ethylbenzene. Atmospheric Environment 35, 35-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00470-2
- Morino, Y., Ohara, T., Yokouchi, Y., Ooki, A. (2011) Comprehensive source apportionment of volatile organic compounds using observational data, two receptor models, and an emission inventory in Tokyo metropolitan area. Journal of Geophysical Research 116, D02311, doi:10.1029/2010JD014762.
- Morris, R.E., Lau, S., Yarwood, G. (2003) Development and application of an advanced air toxics hybrid photochemical grid modeling system. Presented at 96th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the A&WMA, San Diego, California.
- Na, K., Kim, Y.P. (2001) Seasonal characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds in Seoul, Korea. Atmospheric Environment 35, 2603-2614. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00464-7
- Nelson, P.F., Quigley, S.M. (1983) The m,p-xylenes: ethylbenzene ratio. A technique for estimating hydrocarbon age in ambient atmospheres. Atmospheric Environment 17, 659-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(83)90141-5
- Ohara, T., Akimoto, H., Kurokawa, J., Horii, N., Yamaji, K., Yan, X., Hayasaka, T. (2007) An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980-2020. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, 4419-4444. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007
- Rappengluck, B., Fabian, P., Kalabokas, P., Viras, L.G., Ziomas, I.C. (1998) Quasi-continuous measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the greater Athens area during MEDCAPHOT-TRACE. Atmospheric Environment 32, 2103-2121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00430-5
- Sanchez, J.M., Sacks, R.D. (2004) On-line multi-bed sorption trap for VOC analysis of large-volume vapor samples: injection plug width, effects of water vapor and sample decomposition. Journal of Separation Science 28, 22-30.
-
Schmidbauer, N., Oehme, M. (1988) Comparison of solid adsorbent and stainless steel canister sampling for very low ppt-concentrations of aromatic compounds (
${\geq}C6$ ) in ambient air from remote areas. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 331, 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00473888 - Sin, D.W.M., Wong, Y.C., Louie, P.K.K. (2000) Monitoring of ambient volatile organic compounds at two urban sites in Hong Kong from 1997 to 1998. Indoor and Built Environment 9, 221-227.
- Street, D.G., Bond, T.C., Carmichael, G.R., Fernandes, S.D., Fu, Q., He, D., Klimont, Z., Nelson, S.M., Tsai, N.Y., Wang, M.Q., Woo, J.-H., Yarber, K.F. (2003) An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 8809, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093.
- Tanaka, P.L., Allen, D.T., McDonald-Buller, E.C., Chang, S., Kimura, Y., Mullins, C.B., Yarwood, G., Neece, J.D. (2003) Development of a chlorine mechanism for use in the carbon bond IV chemistry model. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 4145, doi:10.1029/2002JD002432.
- Tang, J.H., Chan, L.Y., Chang, C.C., Liu, S., Li, Y.S. (2009) Characteristics and sources of non-methane hydrocabons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China. Journal of Geophysical Research 114, D03304, doi:10.1029/2008JD010333.
- Tesche, T.W., Morris, R., Tonnesen, G., McNally, D., Boylan, J., Brewer, P. (2006) CMAQ/CAMx annual 2002 performance evaluation over the eastern US. Atmospheric Environment 40, 4906-4919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.046
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1999a) Compendium of methods for the determination of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using active sampling onto sorbent tubes. Compendium Method TO-17. U.S. EPA.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1999b) Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air, Second Edition, Compendium Method TO-15. U.S. EPA.
- Wang, X., Mauzerall, D.L., Hu, Y., Russell, A.G., Larson, E.D., Woo, J.-H., Street, D.G., Guenther, A. (2005a) A high-resolution emission inventory for eastern China in 2000 and three scenarios for 2020. Atmospheric Environment 39, 5917-5933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.051
- Wang, T., Guo, H., Blake, D.R., Kwok, Y.H., Simpson, I.J., Li, Y.S. (2005b) Measurements of trace gases in the inflow of South China Sea background air and outflow of regional pollution at Tai O, Southern China. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 52, 295-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-005-2219-x
- Yang, K.L., Lo, J.G. (1998) Volatile hydrocarbons (C6-C10) measurements at remote sites of Taiwan during the PEM-West A experiment(1991). Chemosphere 36, 1893-1902. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10060-1