The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences (한국통신학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Commucations and Information Sciences (한국통신학회)
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VLC Based Positioning Scheme in Vehicle-to-Infra(V2I) Environment

차량-인프라간 가시광 통신 기반 측위 기술

  • Kim, Byung Wook (Kyungil University School of Electrical and Railway Engineering) ;
  • Song, Deok-Weon (Yeungnam University, Department of Electronic Engineering) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Hwan (Yeungnam University, Department of Electronic Engineering) ;
  • Jung, Sung-Yoon (Yeungnam University, Department of Electronic Engineering)
  • Received : 2014.10.27
  • Accepted : 2015.02.24
  • Published : 2015.03.31
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Abstract

Although GPS technology for location positioning system has been widely used, it is difficult to be used in intelligent transport systems, due to the large positioning error and limited area for receiving radio signals. Thanks to the rapid development of LED technology, LED lights become popular in many applications. Especially, visible light communications (VLC) has raised a lot of interests because of the simultaneous functioning of LED illumination and communication. Recent studies on positioning system using VLC mainly focused on indoor environments and still difficult to satisfy positioning accuracy and simple implementation simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a positioning system based on VLC using the coordinate information of LEDs installed on the road infrastructure. Extracting the LED signal, obtained through VLC, from the easily accessible camera image, it is possible to estimate the position of the car on the road. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a high positioning accuracy of 1 m when large number of pixels is utilized and the distance from the LED light is close.

GPS 기반 위치측정 시스템은 많은 분야에 유용하게 사용되고 있지만 오차범위가 크고 터널과 같이 라디오 신호가 통과하지 못하는 지역에서는 사용이 불가능하므로 지능형 교통시스템에는 적합하지 않다. 최근 LED 기술의 급속한 발전으로 LED 조명이 확대되었고, 이와 더불어 조명과 통신 기능을 동시에 제공하는 가시광 무선 통신기술이 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 최근 가시광 무선 통신 기술을 이용한 측위 연구는 주로 실내에서만 이루어졌고 여전히 측위 정확도와 구현 난이도를 동시에 해결하기는 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 도로상에 설치 된 LED 조명의 절대좌표정보와 카메라 영상을 이용한 실외 측위 기술을 연구하였다. 차량에 흔히 사용되는 카메라의 영상에서 LED 조명 신호를 추출한 후 V2I 가시광 통신을 통해 얻은 절대좌표를 활용하면 차량의 위치를 정밀하게 추정할 수 있다. 모의 실험을 통해 제안 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하였고, 그 결과 충분한 카메라의 픽셀 수 및 LED 조명과의 거리가 가까울 때 1 m 내외의 측위 오차가 나타남을 확인하였다.

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