Korean journal of applied entomology (한국응용곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Entomology (한국응용곤충학회)
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Timing of Diapause Induction and Number of Generations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüber) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Suwon, Korea

수원지방에서 왕담배나방 (밤나방과) 휴면 유기시기와 연간 발생 세대

  • Received : 2015.09.18
  • Accepted : 2015.11.02
  • Published : 2015.12.01
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Abstract

We investigated the induction of pupal diapause and number of generation for H. armigera using outdoor rearing and sex pheromone trapping in Suwon, Korea. Over-wintering pupae were induced when neonate larvae were reared in the outdoors from late Aug. to early Oct. in 2013 and 2014. H. armigera adults emerged from late May to early Jun. for 2013 colonies and from late May to late Jun. for 2014 colonies. The colonies placed after mid September produced only diapause pupae, to show environmental conditions that day-lengths on the rearing start date were 11 h 49 min~12 h 24 min, and mean temperatures before pupation were $14.8{\sim}20.7^{\circ}C$. Summer diapause was not observed in all colonies. The peak occurrence of H. armigera adults from sex pheromone trap in Suwon and Hwaseong were pooled and showed four generations (1st: from late Apr. to mid Jun., 2nd: from mid Jun. to late Jul., 3rd: from mid Jul. to late Aug., 4th: from late Aug. to mid Oct.). A degree-day model for development of H. armigera developed by Mironidis and Savopoulou-Soultani (2008) was used to validate the number of generation from field observations using pheromone traps. The 3rd and over-wintering generations were mainly overlapped. It was decided that H. armigera has one over-wintering and three complete generations in a year, and diapause is induced from offsprings of the 3rd and 4th generations adults. It is expected that larvae of the 1st and 2nd generations give a damage to ear zone in maize fields in which have been planted during April.

야외 사육과 성페로몬트랩 조사를 통해 왕담배나방 휴면 유도시기와 연중 발생 세대가 연구되었다. 2013년과 2014년에 갓부화 유충을 수원 야외에서 사육하였을 때, 8월 하순~10월 상순에 사육을 시작한 집단들에서 휴면용이 생성되었고, 9월 중순 이후 사육 집단에서는 휴면용들만 생성되었다. 2013년 집단의 경우 휴면용들은 이듬해 5월 하순~6월 상순에 우화하였고 2014년 집단의 경우 5월 하순~6월 하순에 우화하였다. 휴면용들만 생성된 집단들에서, 사육을 시작한 날의 일장은 11시간 49분~12시간 24분이었고, 이들이 번데기가 될 때까지 평균온도는 $14.8{\sim}20.7^{\circ}C$이었다. 야외 사육에서 하면은 관찰되지 않았다. 수원과 화성에서 2010년부터 2014년까지 조사한 페로몬 트랩의 성충 발생 시기는 연중 4회(1화기: 4월 하순~6월 중순, 2화기: 6월 중순~7월 하순, 3화기: 7월 중순~8월 하순, 4화기: 8월 하순~10월 중순)으로 조사되었다. 여기에 Mironidis and Savopoulou-Soultani (2008)의 선형발육모델을 적용하였을 때 4세대 출현이 가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 가을철 3세대와 월동세대는 일부 중첩되는 것으로 조사되었다. 왕담배나방은 연중 월동세대 이후 온전한 3세대를 거치고, 휴면용은 3화기와 4화기 성충들의 자손들에서 출현하는 것으로 조사되었다. 마지막으로 4월 말 파종되는 옥수수 포장에서 출사기에서 수확기 사이의 이삭 피해는 1세대와 2세대의 왕담배나방 유충이 피해를 주는 것으로 고찰되었다.

Keywords

References

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