Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of The Torrefaction Process on The Fuel Characteristics Larix kaempferi C

  • Lee, Jaejung (Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Ahn, Byoung Jun (Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Ji (Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • Received : 2015.01.12
  • Accepted : 2015.02.03
  • Published : 2015.03.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fuel characteristics of thermally treated wood chips of the Larix kaempferi C. As torrefaction temperature was increased ($200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$), the carbon content, calorific value, and mass loss of torrefied wood chips increased significantly. The torrefied wood chips were shown to have hydrophobic properties even when only treated by mild torrefaction. The energy required to grind torrefied wood chips was reduced by the torrefaction process. Different sizes of wood chips were used in this study; however, this produced almost no difference in the fuel characteristics of processed Larix kaempferi C, except in the distribution of ground wood particles. Similar results were observed when the wood chips were torrefied for different lengths of time (15 min to 60 min) at a constant temperature. Torrefaction was shown to have positive effects on the fuel characteristics of Larix kaempferi C, including improved energy density, storage, and grindability.

Keywords

References

  1. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard test method for ash in biomass. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM international, West Conshohocken, PA, 2005, ASTM E 1755-01.
  2. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard test methods for direct moisture content measurement of wood and wood-base materials. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM international, West Conshohocken, PA, 2005, ASTM D 4442-07
  3. Batidzirai, B., Mignot, A.P.R., Schakel, W.B., Junginger, H.M., Faaij, A.P.C. 2013. Biomass torrefaction technology: Techno-economic status and future prospects. Energy 62: 196-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.035
  4. Chen, W.-H. amd Kuo, P.-C. 2010. A study on the torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry. Energy. 35: 2580-2586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.054
  5. Chheda, J.N., Huber, G.W., Dumesic, J.A. 2007 Liquid-phase catalytic processing of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons to fuels and chemicals. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(38): 7164-7183. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200604274
  6. Chin, K.L., H'ng, P.S., Go, W.Z., Wong, W.Z., Lim, T.W., Maminski, M., Paridah, M.T., Luqman, A.C. 2013. Optimization of torrefaction conditions for high energy density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass and fast growing species available in Malaysia. Industrial Crops and Products. 49: 768-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.007
  7. Eseves, B.M., Pereira, H.M. 2009. Wood modification by heat treatment: a review. Bioresources. 4(1):370-404.
  8. Hakkou, M., Petrissans, M., Gerardin, P., Zoulalian, A. 2006. Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 91: 393-397 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.042
  9. Ichazo, M.N., Albano, C., Gonzalez, J., Perera, R., Candal, M.V. 2001. Polypropylene/wood flour composites: treatments and properties. Composite structures, 54(2): 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00089-7
  10. Kamdem, D.P., Pizzi, A., Jermannaud, A. 2002. Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz als Rohund Werkstoff. 60: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-001-0261-1
  11. Kim, Y.-H., Lee, S.-M., Lee, H.-W., Lee, J.-W. 2012. Physical and chemical characteristics of products from the torrefaction of yellow poplar (Lriodendron tulipifera). Bioresource Technology. 116: 120-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.033
  12. Lee, S.M., Lee, J.W. 2014. Optimization of biomass torrefaction conditions by the gains and loss method and regression model analysis. Bioresource Technology. 172: 438-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.016
  13. Li, Y., Liu, H. 2000. High-pressure densification of wood residues to form an upgraded fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy. 19: 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00026-X
  14. Marcovich, N.E., Reboredo, M.M., Aranguren, M.I. 1998. Dependence of the mechanical properties of wood flour-polymer composites on the moisture content. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 68: 2067-2076.
  15. Mei, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Q., Yang, H., Draper, C., Zhang, S., Chen, H. 2014. Torrefaction of Cedarwood in a pilot scale rotary kiln and the influence of industrial flue gas. Bioresource Technology. (in press).
  16. Na, B.-I., Kim, Y.-H., Lim, W.-S., Lee, S.-M., Lee, H.-W., Lee, J.-W. 2013. Torrefaction of oil palm mesocarp fiber and their effect on pelletizing. Biomass and Bioenergy. 52: 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.041
  17. Petrissans, M., Gerardin, P., El Bakali, I., Serraj, M. 2003. Wettability of heat-treated wood. Holzforschung. 57(3): 301-307 https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2003.045
  18. Phanphanich, M., Mani, S. 2011. Impact of torrefaction on the grindability and fuel characteristics of forest biomass. Bioresource Technology. 102: 1246-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.028
  19. Robbins, W.C. 1982. Density of wood chips. Journal of Forest. 80: 567
  20. Stelte, W., Holm, J.K., Sanadi, A.R., Barsberg, S., Ahrenfeldt, J., Henriksen, U.B. 2011. Fuel pellets from biomass: The importance of the pelletizing pressure and its dependency on the processing conditions. Fuel. 90: 3285-3290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.05.011
  21. Stocker, M. (2008). Biofuels and biomass-to-liquid fuels in the biorefinery: Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass using porous materials. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 47(48), 9200-9211. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200801476
  22. Tripathi, S., Pant, H., Kashyap, A.K. 2014. Decay resistance against basidiomycetes fungi of heat-treated Pinus roxburghii and Mangifera indica wood. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 26(2): 203-207
  23. van der Stelt, M.J.C., Gerhauser, H., Kiel, J.H.A., Ptasinski, K.J. 2011. Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review. Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 3748-3762.
  24. Weiland, J.J., Guyonnet, R. 2003. Study of chemical modifications and fungi degradation of thermally modified wood using DRIFT spectroscopy. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff. 61: 216-220.

Cited by

  1. Upgrading of the Hydrophobicity of Larix kaempferi and Liriodendron tulipifera via Torrefaction vol.12, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7849/ksnre.2016.12.12.4.070