Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of periodic air-exposure and nutrients on the competition of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus germlings

  • Park, Seo Kyoung (Faculty of Biological Science, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Choi, Han Gil (Faculty of Biological Science, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Nam, Ki Wan (Dept. of Marine Biology, Pukyong Nationl University)
  • Received : 2015.01.25
  • Accepted : 2015.02.16
  • Published : 2015.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine the relationship between competition and environmental factors, the germlings of Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis and Fucus vesiculosus L. were cultured in monocultures and mixtures of the two species under two different exposure and nutrient levels. Both intra- and inter-specific competition were examined in comparison of the mortality and growth of germlings in monocultures and mixtures of the two species. The mortality of germlings increased with increasing density and emergence periods both in the monoculture and mixtures of the two species, and the mortality of Ascophyllum was significantly higher than that of Fucus both in submerged and emerged treatments. The growth of germlings of both species reduced with increasing density but F. vesiculosus always grew faster than Ascophyllum. The values of log output ratio were more than 0.1, indicating that Fucus 'won' in the competitive battles with Ascophyllum under two nutrient- and air-exposure levels. Log output ratio was greater in high than in low nutrients, indicating that the growth of Fucus is more enhanced than that of Ascophyllum in high nutrients. In the present study, the outcome of inter specific competition between germlings of Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum was slightly altered by duration of emergence and nutrient concentration, but not to such an extent as to change the outcome.

Keywords

References

  1. Andrew, N. L. and R. M. Viejo(1998) Effects of wave exposure and intraspecific density on the growth and survivorship of Sargassum muticum (Sargassaceae: Phaeophyta). European Journal of Phycology 33: 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670269810001736753
  2. Ang, P. O., Jr and R. E. De Wreede(1992) Density-dependence in a population of Fucus distichus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 90: 169-181. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps090169
  3. Brawley, S. H. and L. E. Johnson(1991) Survival of fucoid embryos in the intertidal zone depends upon developmental stage and microhabitat. Journal of Phycology. 27:179-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00179.x
  4. Brinkhuis, B. H., N. R. Tempel and R. F. Jones(1976) Photosynthesis and respiration of exposed salt-marsh fucoids. Marine Biology 34: 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398128
  5. Ceccherelli, G. and F. Cinelli(1997) Short-term effects of nutrient enrichment of the sediment and interactions between the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the introduced green alga Caulerpa taxifolia in a Mediterranean bay. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 217: 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00050-6
  6. Choi, H. G. and T. A. Norton(2005a) Competitive interactions between two fucoid algae with different growth forms, Fucus serratus and Himanthalia elongata. Marine Biology 146:283-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1441-4
  7. Choi, H. G. and T. A. Norton(2005b) Competition and facilitation between germlings of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. Marine Biology 146: 525-532.
  8. Creed, J. C., T. A. Norton and J. M. Kain(1996) Are neighbours harmful or helpful in Fucus vesiculosus populations? Marine Ecology progress Series 133: 191-201. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps133191
  9. Creed, J. C., T. A Norton and J. M. Kain(1997) Intraspecific competition in Fucus serratus germling: The interaction of light, nutrients and density. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 212: 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02748-7
  10. Davison, I. R., L. E. Johnson and S. H. Brawley(1993) Sublethal stress in the intertidal zone: tidal emersion inhibits photosynthesis and retards development in embryos of the brown alga Pelvetia fastigiata. Oecologia 96: 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00320505
  11. Davision, I. R. and G. A. Pearson(1996) Stress tolerance and in intertidal seaweeds. Journal of Phycology 32: 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00197.x
  12. Dring, M. J. and F. A. Brown(1982) Photosynthesis of intertidal brown algae during after periods of emersion: a renewed search for physiological causes of zonation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 8: 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps008301
  13. Enright, C. T.(1979) Competitive interaction between Chondrus crispus (Florideophyceae) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) in Chondrus aquaculture. Proceedings International Seaweed Symposium 9: 209-218.
  14. Fujita, R. M.(1985) The role of nitrogen status in regulating transient ammonium uptake and nitrogen storage by macroalgae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 92: 283-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90100-5
  15. Galvin, R. S.(1988) The role of hyaline hairs in Fucus. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, 303pp.
  16. Hardwick-Witman, M. N. and A.C. Mathieson(1986) Tissue nitrogen and carbon variations in New England estuarine Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis populations (Fucales, Phaeophyta). Estuaries 9: 43-48. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352192
  17. Hruby, T. and T. A. Norton(1979) Algal colonization on rocky shores in the Firth of Clyde. Journal of Ecology 67: 65-77. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259337
  18. Kain, J. M. and N. S. Jones(1964) Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea III. Survival and growth of gametophytes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 44: 415-433. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400024929
  19. Keser, M., R. L. Vadas and B. R. Larson(1981) Regrowth of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus under various harvesting regimes in Marine, U.S.A. Botanica Marina 24: 29-38.
  20. Keser, M. and B. R. Larson(1984) Colonization and growth of Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyta) in Marine. Journal of Phycology 20: 83-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1984.00083.x
  21. Kim, B. Y., S. K. Park., T. A. Norton and H.G. Choi(2011). Effects of temporary and periodic emersion on the growth of Fucus spiralis and Pelvetia canaliculata germlings. Algae 26(2): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2011.26.2.193
  22. Knight, M. and M. Parke(1950) A biological study of Fucus vesiculosus L. and F. serratus L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 29: 439-514. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400055454
  23. Lewis, J. R.(1964) The ecology of rocky shores. English Universities Press, London, 323pp.
  24. Maberly, S. C. and T. B. Madsen(1990) Contribution of air and water to the carbon balance of Fucus spiralis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 62: 175-183. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps062175
  25. Mathieson, A. C., J. W. Shipman., J. R. O'Shea And R. C. Hasevlat(1976) Seasonal growth and reproduction of estuarine fucoid algae in New England. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 25: 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(76)90129-5
  26. Peckol, P. and J. S. Rivers(1995) Competitive interactions between the opportunistic macroalgae Cladophora vagabunda (Chlorophyta) and Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta) under eutrophic conditions. Journal of Phycology 3: 229-232.
  27. Reed, D. C., M. Neushul and A.W. Ebeling(1991) Role of settlement density on gametophyte growth and reproduction in the kelps Pterygophora californica and Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 27: 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00361.x
  28. Schonbeck, M. and T. A. Norton(1978) Factors controlling the upper limits of fucoid algae on the shore. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 31: 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(78)90065-5
  29. Schonbeck, M. W. and T. A. Norton(1980) The effects on intertidal fucoid algae of exposure to air under various conditions. Botanica Marina 23: 141-147.
  30. Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf(1981) Biometry, 2nd edn. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 859pp.
  31. Strogren, T.(1977) Short-term effects of temperature upon the growth of intertidal Fucales. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 29: 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(77)90047-8
  32. Vadas. R. L., M. Keser and P. C. Rusanowski(1976). Influence of thermal loading on the ecology of intertidal algae. In G. W. Esch & R. W. MacFarlane (eds.), Thermal Ecology II (201-212pp.). ERDA Symposium Series (CONF-750425), Augusta.
  33. Vadas, R. L., S. Johnson and T. A. Norton(1992) Recruitment and mortality of early post-settlement stages of benthic algae. British Phycological Journal 27: 331-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071619200650291