Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Biological Control of Fusarium Stalk Rot of Maize Using Bacillus spp.

Bacillus spp.를 이용한 옥수수 밑둥썩음병의 생물학적 방제

  • Han, Joon-Hee (Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Gi-Chang (Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Joon-Oh (Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Kyoung Su (Division of Bioresource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2015.09.23
  • Accepted : 2015.11.09
  • Published : 2015.12.31
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Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically important crop in worldwide. While the consumption of the maize is steadily increasing, the yield is decreasing due to continuous mono-cultivation and infection of soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Fusarium species. Recently, stalk rot disease in maize, caused by F. subglutinans and F. temperatum has been reported in Korea. In this study, we isolated bacterial isolates in rhizosphere soil of maize and subsequently tested for antagonistic activities against F. subglutinans and F. temperatum. A total of 1,357 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere. Among them three bacterial isolates (GC02, GC07, GC08) were selected, based on antagonistic effects against Fusarium species. The isolates GC02 and GC07 were most efficient in inhibiting the mycelium growth of the pathogens. The three isolates GC02, GC07 and GC08 were identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. thuringiensis using 16S rRNA sequence analysis, respectively. GC02 and GC07 bacterial suspensions were able to suppress over 80% conidial germination of the pathogens. GC02, GC07 and GC08 were capable of producing large quantities of protease enzymes, whereas the isolates GC07 and GC08 produced cellulase enzymes. The isolates GC02 and GC07 were more efficient in phosphate solubilization and siderophore production than GC08. Analysis of disease suppression revealed that GC07 was most effective in suppressing the disease development of stalk rot. It was also found that B. methylotrophicus GC02 and B. amyloliquefaciens GC07 have an ability to inhibit the growth of other plant pathogenic fungi. This study indicated B. methylotrophicus GC02 and B. amyloliquefaciens GC07 has potential for being used for the development of a biological control agent.

옥수수는 세계적으로 가장 중요한 작물이다. 옥수수의 소비가 꾸준히 증가하고 있지만, 생산량은 연작과 Fusarium spp.와 같은 토양전염성 곰팡이병의 감염에 의해 줄어들고 있다. 최근에 우리나라를 포함해 전 세계적으로 F. subglutinans와 F. temperatum에 의해 발생되는 옥수수 밑둥썩음병의 발생이 많이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 병에 걸리지 않은 건전한 옥수수 토양 근권에서 F. subglutinans와 F. temperatum에 대치배양을 통해 항균활성을 보이는 3 균주(GC02, GC07, GC08)를 선발하였다. 선발된 3 균주 중 GC02와 GC07이 균사생장을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 그리고 16s rRNA에 기반하여 분석한 결과, GC02는 Bacillus methylotrophicus, GC07은 B. amyloliquefaciens 그리고 GC08은 B. thuringiensis로 동정되었다. 또한, GC02와 GC07은 포자발아의 억제에도 효과적이었다. 3개의 Bacillus 균주들은 모두 protease의 활성이 강하게 나타났으며, cellulase 활성은 GC07과 GC08에서만 나타났다. 그리고 불용성 인산의 가용화와 siderophore의 생산은 GC02와 GC07이 비교적 GC08에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 옥수수 줄기에 2개의 Fusarium과 접종하여 발병억제효과를 검정한 결과 B. amyloliquefaciens GC07이 가장 효과적인 방제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 B. methylotrophicus GC02와 B. amyloliquefaciens GC07은 다른 식물병원성 진균들도 효과적으로 균사생장을 억제하였다. 따라서, B. methylotrophicus GC02와 B. amyloliquefaciens GC07은 식물병원성 진균방제에 생물학적 방제제로서 역할이 가능하다고 판단된다.

Keywords

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