Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering

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Elution of amikacin and vancomycin from a calcium sulfate/chitosan bone scaffold

  • Doty, Heather A. (Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center) ;
  • Courtney, Harry S. (Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center) ;
  • Jennings, Jessica A. (Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center) ;
  • Haggard, Warren O. (Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center) ;
  • Bumgardner, Joel D. (Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis and University of Tennessee Health Science Center)
  • Received : 2015.10.01
  • Accepted : 2015.10.19
  • Published : 2015.09.25
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Abstract

Treatment of polymicrobial infected musculoskeletal defects continues to be a challenge in orthopaedics. This research investigated single and dual-delivery of two antibiotics, vancomycin and amikacin, targeting different classes of microorganism from a biodegradable calcium sulfate-chitosan-nHA microsphere composite scaffold. The addition of chitosan-nHA was included to provide additional structure for cellular attachment and as a secondary drug-loading device. All scaffolds exhibited an initial burst of antibiotics, but groups containing chitosan reduced the burst for amikacin at 1hr by 50%, and vancomycin by 14-25% over the first 2 days. Extended elution was present in groups containing chitosan; amikacin was above MIC ($2-4{\mu}g/mL$, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for 7-42 days and vancomycin was above MIC ($0.5-1{\mu}g/mL$ Staphylococcus aureus) for 42 days. The antibiotic activity of the eluates was tested against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The elution from the dual-loaded scaffold was most effective against S. aureus (bacteriostatic 34 days and bactericidal 27 days), compared to vancomycin-loaded scaffolds (bacteriostatic and bactericidal 14 days). The dual- and amikacin-loaded scaffolds were effective against P. aeruginosa, but eluates exhibited very short antibacterial properties; only 24 hours bacteriostatic and 1-5 hours bactericidal activity. For all groups, vancomycin recovery was near 100% whereas the amikacin recovery was 41%. In conclusion, in the presence of chitosan-nHA microspheres, the dual-antibiotic loaded scaffold was able to sustain an extended vancomycin elution longer than individually loaded scaffolds. The composite scaffold shows promise as a dual-drug delivery system for infected orthopaedic wounds and overcomes some deficits of other dual-delivery systems by extending the antibiotic release.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TARC), BAM laboratories at the University of Memphis

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