References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-4. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;1994.
- Akiskal HS. The prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: beyond DSM-IV. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16(2 Suppl 1):4S-14S. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199604001-00002
- Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Glovinsky IP, Austin NB. Pediatric bipolar disorder: phenomenology and course of illness. Bipolar Disord 2004;6:305-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00128.x
- Findling RL, Gracious BL, McNamara NK, Youngstrom EA, Demeter CA, Branicky LA, et al. Rapid, continuous cycling and psychiatric co-morbidity in pediatric bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord 2001;3:202-210. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5618.2001.30405.x
- Geller B, Sun K, Zimerman B, Luby J, Frazier J, Williams M. Complex and rapid-cycling in bipolar children and adolescents: a preliminary study. J Affect Disord 1995;34:259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(95)00023-G
- Masi G, Perugi G, Toni C, Millepiedi S, Mucci M, Bertini N, et al. The clinical phenotypes of juvenile bipolar disorder: toward a validation of the episodic-chronic-distinction. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:603-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.034
- Carlson GA, Pine DS, Nottelmann E, Leibenluft E. Defining subtypes of childhood bipolar disorder: response and commentary. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43:3-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200401000-00003
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;2013.
- Masi G, Perugi G, Millepiedi S, Mucci M, Pari C, Pfanner C, et al. Clinical implications of DSM-IV subtyping of bipolar disorders in referred children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:1299-1306. https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e3180f62eba
- Birmaher B, Axelson D, Strober M, Gill MK, Valeri S, Chiappetta L, et al. Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:175-183. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.175
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-4-TR. 4th ed., text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;2000.
- Park K, Yoon J, Park H. The Manual of Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Seoul: Korean Educational Development Institute;1991.
- Bora E, Yucel M, Pantelis C. Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives. J Affect Disord 2009;113:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.009
- Joseph MF, Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Soares JC. A quantitative and qualitative review of neurocognitive performance in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008;18:595-605. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2008.064
- Schenkel LS, West AE, Jacobs R, Sweeney JA, Pavuluri MN. Cognitive dysfunction is worse among pediatric patients with bipolar disorder Type I than Type II. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012;53:775-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02519.x
- Biederman J, Russell R, Soriano J, Wozniak J, Faraone SV. Clinical features of children with both ADHD and mania: does ascertainment source make a difference? J Affect Disord 1998;51:101-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(98)00177-3
- Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ, Guille C. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with early- and late-onset bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:466-468. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.3.466
- Wozniak J, Spencer T, Biederman J, Kwon A, Monuteaux M, Rettew J, et al. The clinical characteristics of unipolar vs. bipolar major depression in ADHD youth. J Affect Disord 2004;82 Suppl 1:S59-S69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.05.013
- Dilsaver SC, Henderson-Fuller S, Akiskal HS. Occult mood disorders in 104 consecutively presenting children referred for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a community mental health clinic. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1170-1176; quiz, 1274-1276. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n1005