Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology

  • Volume 30
  • /
  • Pages.14.1-14.7
  • /
  • 2015
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  • 2671-9525(eISSN)
The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology (환경독성보건학회)
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Comparative evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of smoke condensate derived from Korean cigarettes

  • Kim, Ha Ryong (School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong Eun (School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jeong, Mi Ho (School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Choi, Seong Jin (Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Lee, Kyuhong (Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Chung, Kyu Hyuck (School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2015.11.06
  • Accepted : 2015.12.11
  • Published : 2015.01.01
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Abstract

Objectives Cigarette smoking is associated with carcinogenesis owing to the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Korean cigarettes using in vitro assays. Methods We selected 2 types of cigarettes (TL and TW) as benchmark Korean cigarettes for this study, because they represent the greatest level of nicotine and tar contents among Korean cigarettes. Mutagenic potency was expressed as the number of revertants per ${\mu}g$ of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) total particulate matter whereas genotoxic potency was expressed as a concentration-dependent induction factor. The CSC was prepared by the International Organization for Standardization 3308 smoking method. CHO-K1 cells were used in vitro micronucleus (MNvit) and comet assays. Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ; TA98 and TA1537) were employed in Ames tests. Results All CSCs showed mutagenicity in the TA98 and TA1537 strains. In addition, DNA damage and micronuclei formation were observed in the comet and MNvit assays owing to CSC exposure. The CSC from the 3R4F Kentucky reference (3R4F) cigarette produced the most severe mutagenic and genotoxic potencies, followed by the CSC from the TL cigarette, whereas the CSC from the TW cigarette produced the least severe mutagenic and genotoxic potencies. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the mutagenic and genotoxic potencies of the TL and TW cigarettes were weaker than those of the 3R4F cigarette. Further study on standardized concepts of toxic equivalents for cigarettes needs to be conducted for more extensive use of in vitro tests.

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