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Genotypic Differences in Yield and Yield-related Elements of Rice under Elevated Air Temperature Conditions

온도 조건에 따른 벼 수량 및 수량 관련 요소 반응의 품종간 차이

  • Lee, Kyu-Jong (Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Jin (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ban, Ho-Young (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Byun-Woo (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University)
  • 이규종 (서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김동진 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 반호영 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 이변우 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부)
  • Received : 2015.10.05
  • Accepted : 2015.11.04
  • Published : 2015.12.30

Abstract

An experiment in a controlled environment was conducted to evaluate the genotypic differences of grain yield and yield-related elements of rice under elevated air temperature. Eight rice genotypes included in three maturing group (early, medium, and medium-late maturing group) were grown with 1/5,000 a Wagner pots at four plastic houses that were controlled to the temperature regimes of ambient temperature (AT), $AT+1.5^{\circ}C$, $AT+3.0^{\circ}C$, and $AT+5.0^{\circ}C$ throughout the rice growing season in 2011. Ripened grain ratio and 1000 grain weight showed the most susceptible and tolerant responses to elevated air temperature, respectively. The grain yield reduction was attributable to the sharp decrease of ripened grain ratio. Grain yield was significantly decreased above the treatment of $AT+1.5^{\circ}C$ and $AT+3.0^{\circ}C$ in early maturing group and the others, respectively. Highly correlation to average temperature from heading to 20 days was revealed in yield (r = -0.69), ripened grain ratio (r = -82), fully-filled grain (r = -70), and 1000 grain weight (r = -0.31). The responses of yield and yield-related elements except number of spikelets and panicle to elevated air temperature were fitted to a logistic function. The parameters of logistic function for each elements except grain yield could not be applied to the other varieties. In conclusion, yield and yield-related elements responded differentially to elevated air temperature according to maturity groups and rice varieties. Ongoing global warming is expected to decrease the grain yield not only by decreasing the grain weight but also decreasing the ripened grain ratio in the future. However, the yield reduction would be mitigated by adopting and/or breeding the less sensitive varieties to high temperature.

생태형이 다른 8개 벼 품종을 대상으로 포트 실험을 실시하여 대기온, 대기온 대비 $+1.5^{\circ}C$, $+3.0^{\circ}C$, $+5.0^{\circ}C$ 온도 조건에서의 수량 및 수량 관련 요소의 반응을 분석하였다. 이삭수를 제외한 수량 및 수량 관련 요소들의 온도 상승 조건에 대한 반응은 생태형 및 품종에 따라 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 온도가 높아짐에 따라 영화수는 증감의 경향이 명확하진 않았으나 대체로 대기온보다는 증가하였고, 천립중과 등숙률은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 수량 관련 요소 중 온도 상승에 가장 민감한 반응을 보인 요소는 등숙률이었으며, 가장 둔감한 요소는 천립중이었다. 등숙률의 하락과 맞물려 수량은 고온 조건일수록 낮아졌으나, 영화수 증가 영향으로 수량의 저하 정도는 등숙률의 그것보다 크지 않았다. 생태형 및 품종별 반응은 조생종의 오대벼와 운광벼가 온도 조건에 가장 민감하였으며, 중만생종 품종들의 반응은 대체로 둔감한 것으로 나타났다. 출수 후 온도의 영향 정도를 분석한 결과 천립중, 등숙률, 완전발육미율, 수량은 출수 후 20일간의 평균기온과 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 온도가 높아질수록 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과를 바탕으로 로지스틱 함수를 이용하여 품종 간 온도 반응 특성의 차이를 분석하였다. 수량의 경우 품종 간 온도 반응 특성이 다르지 않은 것으로 나타나, 품종에 상관없이 온도 반응에 대한 추정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 이와 달리 천립중, 등숙률, 완전발육미율, 임실률의 경우 품종별로 온도 반응 특성이 달랐으므로, 각 품종에 맞는 온도 반응 추정식을 이용해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

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