KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Research Status for Drought Tolerance in Maize

옥수수 한발 내성에 관한 연구 현황

  • Kim, Kyung-Hee (Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul) ;
  • Moon, Jun-Cheol (Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Yoon (College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Hyo-Chul (Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul) ;
  • Shin, Seung-Ho (Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul) ;
  • Song, Ki-Tae (Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Moo (Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul)
  • 김경희 (동국대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 문준철 (강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김재윤 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 생명공학부) ;
  • 김효철 (동국대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 신승호 (동국대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 송기태 (동국대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 이병무 (동국대학교 생명과학과)
  • Received : 2015.10.15
  • Accepted : 2015.11.11
  • Published : 2015.12.31
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Abstract

Drought stress has detrimental effects on the seedling development, vegetative/ reproductive growth, photosynthesis, root proliferation, anthesis, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), pollination and grain yield in maize. Typically, two weeks before silking through pollination are an important time in maize life. Here we reviewed the effects of drought stress on growth, physiological/ molecular researches for drought tolerance, and breeding to genomics in maize. Drought stress during kernel development increases leaf dying and lodging, decreases grain filling period and grain yield. Physiological factors of drought stress/ effects are water content, water deficits, and water potential. Nowdays molecular marker assisted breeding method is becoming increasingly useful in the improvement of new germplasm with drought stress tolerance.

한발은 환경 스트레스에 미치는 자연재해로서, 장기간에 걸쳐 강수량 및 수분공급이 저하되면 수분이 결핍되어 작물이 정상적인 생리활동을 할 수 없고, 생육 또한 불량하여 수량감소에 큰 영향을 미친다. 모든 작물들이 한발의 영향을 크게 받지만 어느 생육 단계에서 한발 스트레스를 받느냐에 따라서 피해가 달라진다. 일반적으로 옥수수는 한발 스트레스를 받으면 유묘기 형성, 영양 생장, 뿌리 발달, 광합성, 개화기, ASI, 종실 형성, 수량 등에 심각한 영향을 미치게 된다. 특히 영양생장에서 생식생장으로 전환되는 단계에 한발 스트헤스를 받으면 수꽃 및 화분 방출이 늦어지고, 출사기 및 옥수수 수염 발생도 늦어져 ASI가 증가하여 수정이 불가능 하거나 수정이 되더라도 배 발생 억제 및 방해를 받아 수량 감소의 큰 원인이 된다. 이러한 한발에 대한 피해를 줄이기 위해서 1980년대부터 최근까지 마커와 표현형이 연관된 유전체를 바탕으로 다량의 분자적 데이터 분석을 통한 옥수수 한발 내성 품종 선별 및 육종에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 또한 최근에는 수량 등 다양한 유전자들이 관여하고 환경 스트레스에 영향을 받는 양적형질 QTL에 관한 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있으며, genomics 분야에서 신기술인 MAS를 이용하여 목표유전자 이입 및 선발을 통해 또 다른 육종 선발 도구로 활용되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 유전자 조작기술을 이용한 한발 내성 특징을 가진 옥수수를 개발하여 제품으로 생산 및 판매되고 있다. 과거 전통적인 육종 방법은 자식계통의 표현형 분석과 특별 조합을 통한 계통으로부터 데이터를 분석하여 품종을 육성하였으나, 현재는 모든 작물의 유전체 전체를 이용한 데이터 베이스와 분자 마커 기술을 한발 내성 육종에 활용하여 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 분자적 육종 기술의 발달은 우수한 연구 결과를 도출 및 확보할 수 있으며, 옥수수 한발 내성 신품종 개발에 있어서 새로운 육종 기술로 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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