DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Red Ginseng Attenuates Inflammation in Rats with High-fat Diet Induced Obesity

  • Jung, Sunyoon (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Lee, Mak-Soon (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Shin, Yoonjin (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Chong-Tai (Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, In-Hwan (Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Yangha (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University)
  • 투고 : 2015.07.02
  • 심사 : 2015.09.25
  • 발행 : 2015.12.31

초록

Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity. This study investigated effect of high hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng (HRG) on inflammation in rats with high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (80~110 g) were randomly divided into two groups, and fed a 45% HF diet (HF) and a 45% HF diet containing 1.5% HRG (HF+HRG) for 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum leptin level was reduced by the HRG supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and adipocyte protein 2 was down-regulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT). The mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-6 were remarkably down-regulated by the HRG in WAT. These results suggest that HRG might be beneficial in ameliorating the inflammation-associated health complications by suppressing adipogenic and pro-inflammatory gene expression.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K. 2011. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 11: 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2921
  2. Lee YH, Pratley RE. 2005. The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep 5: 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-005-0071-7
  3. Yang Y, Yang WS, Yu T, Sung GH, Park KW, Yoon K, Son YJ, Hwang H, Kwak YS, Lee CM, Rhee MH, Kim JH, Cho JY. 2014. ATF-2/CREB/IRF-3-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Korean red ginseng water extract. J Ethnopharmacol 154: 218-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.008
  4. Lee J, Cho JY, Kim WK. 2014. Anti-inflammation effect of exercise and Korean red ginseng in aging model rats with diet-induced atherosclerosis. Nutr Res Pract 8: 284-291. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.284
  5. Lee H, Park D, Yoon M. 2013. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) prevents obesity by inhibiting angiogenesis in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Food Chem Toxicol 53: 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.052
  6. Choi KT. 2008. Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29: 1109-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00869.x
  7. Oey I, Lille M, Van Loey A, Hendrickx M. 2008. Effect of high-pressure processing on colour, texture and flavour of fruit-and vegetable-based food products: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 19: 320-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.04.001
  8. Lee HS, Lee HJ, Yu HJ, Ju DW, Kim Y, Kim CT, Kim CJ, Cho YJ, Kim N, Choi SY, Suh HJ. 2011. A comparison between high hydrostatic pressure extraction and heat extraction of ginsenosides from ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer). J Sci Food Agric 91: 1466-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4334
  9. Swain T, Hillis W. 1959. The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. J Sci Food Agric 10: 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740100110
  10. AOAC. 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. p 139-247.
  11. Dische Z. 1947. A new specific color reaction of hexuronic acids. J Biol Chem 167: 189-198.
  12. Lee HJ, Jung EY, Lee HS, Kim BG, Kim JH, Yoon TJ, Oh SH, Suh HJ. 2009. Bioavailability of fermented Korean red ginseng. J Food Sci Nutr 14: 201-207. https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2009.14.3.201
  13. Jung S, Lee MS, Shin Y, Kim CT, Kim IH, Kim YS, Kim Y. 2014. Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of high hydrostatic pressure extracts of ginseng in high-fat diet induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 10: 169-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.06.007
  14. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502.
  15. Rosenfeld L. 1989. Lipoprotein analysis. Early methods in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 1101-1110.
  16. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37: 911-917. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
  17. Lee MS, Kim IH, Kim CT, Kim Y. 2011. Reduction of body weight by dietary garlic is associated with an increase of uncoupling protein mRNA expression and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr 141: 1947-1953. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.146050
  18. Rozen S, Skaletsky H. 2000. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Methods Mol Biol 132: 365-386.
  19. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the $2^{-{\Delta}{\Delta}CT}$ method. Methods 25: 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
  20. Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS. 2003. Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 112: 1785-1788. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI20514
  21. Kim BG, Choi SY, Kim MR, Suh HJ, Park HJ. 2010. Changes of ginsenosides in Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum M1. Process Biochem 45: 1319-1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.04.026
  22. Kim HJ, Lee SG, Chae IG, Kim MJ, Im NK, Yu MH, Lee EJ, Lee IS. 2011. Antioxidant effects of fermented red ginseng extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ginseng Res 35: 129-137. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.2.129
  23. Hemley RJ. 2000. Effects of high pressure on molecules. Annu Rev Phys Chem 51: 763-800. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.51.1.763
  24. Iberl B, Winkler G, Muller B, Knobloch K. 1990. Quantitative determination of allicin and alliin from garlic by HPLC. Planta Med 56: 320-326. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960969
  25. Xiong Y, Shen L, Liu KJ, Tso P, Xiong Y, Wang G, Woods SC, Liu M. 2010. Antiobesity and antihyperglycemic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats. Diabetes 59: 2505-2512. https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-0315
  26. Park KH, Shin HJ, Song YB, Hyun HC, Cho HJ, Ham HS, Yoo YB, Ko YC, Jun WT, Park HJ. 2002. Possible role of ginsenoside $Rb_1$ on regulation of rat liver triglycerides. Biol Pharm Bull 25: 457-460. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.457
  27. Fantuzzi G. 2005. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115: 911-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.023
  28. Desvergne B, Michalik L, Wahli W. 2006. Transcriptional regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev 86: 465-514. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00025.2005
  29. Duplus E, Forest C. 2002. Is there a single mechanism for fatty acid regulation of gene transcription? Biochem Pharmacol 64: 893-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01157-7
  30. Oh J, Lee H, Park D, Ahn J, Shin SS, Yoon M. 2012. Ginseng and its active components ginsenosides inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012: 265023.
  31. Paz-Filho G, Mastronardi C, Franco CB, Wang KB, Wong ML, Licinio J. 2012. Leptin: molecular mechanisms, systemic pro-inflammatory effects, and clinical implications. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 56: 597-607. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302012000900001
  32. Smolinski AT, Pestka JJ. 2003. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro and in vivo by the herbal constituents apigenin (chamomile), ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (ginseng) and parthenolide (feverfew). Food Chem Toxicol 41: 1381-1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00146-7
  33. Cho JY, Yoo ES, Baik KU, Park MH, Han BH. 2001. In vitro inhibitory effect of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ production and its modulation by known TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonists. Planta Med 67: 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-12005
  34. Kanda H, Tateya S, Tamori Y, Kotani K, Hiasa K, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Miyachi H, Maeda S, Egashira K, Kasuga M. 2006. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest 116: 1494-1505. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI26498
  35. Christiansen T, Richelsen B, Bruun JM. 2005. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 29: 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802839
  36. Cho SO, Lim JW, Kim H. 2013. Red ginseng extract inhibits the expression of MCP-1 and iNOS in Helicobacter pyloriinfected gastric epithelial cells by suppressing the activation of NADPH oxidase and Jak2/Stat3. J Ethnopharmacol 150: 761-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.013
  37. Yayeh T, Jung KH, Jeong HY, Park JH, Song YB, Kwak YS, Kang HS, Cho JY, Oh JW, Kim SK, Rhee MH. 2012. Korean red ginseng saponin fraction downregulates proinflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells and protects mice against endotoxic shock. J Ginseng Res 36: 263-269. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.263

피인용 문헌

  1. Herbal Formula HT048 Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity by Improving Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats vol.21, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111424
  2. Chronic dietary ginseng extract administration ameliorates antioxidant and cholinergic systems in the brains of aged mice vol.41, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2017.06.002
  3. Korean red ginseng ( Panax ginseng ) inhibits obesity and improves lipid metabolism in high fat diet-fed castrated mice vol.210, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.032
  4. on Obesity in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis vol.2018, pp.1741-4288, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2719794
  5. Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Potentiates the Inhibitory Actions of Testosterone on Obesity and Adipogenesis in High Fat Diet-Fed Castrated Mice vol.23, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15616/bsl.2017.23.3.261
  6. Effects of ginseng supplementation on selected markers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis vol.33, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6399
  7. Protective effect of supplementation with Ginseng, Lilii Bulbus and Poria against PM2.5 in air pollution‐induced cardiopulmonary damage among adults vol.35, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6835